INFORMATION

Internet Revolution
The Internet had its roots during the 1960's as a
project of the United States government's
Department of Defense, to create a non-centralized
network.
This project was called ARPANET (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network),
.
-created by the Pentagon's Advanced Research
Projects Agency established in 1969 to provide
a secure and survivable communications
network for organizations engaged in defense-
related research
•The standard protocol was invented in
1977 and was called TCP/IP
(Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol).
TCP/IP allowed users to link various
branches of other complex networks
directly to the ARPANET, which soon
came to be called the Internet.
Berners-Lee invents the Web
•In 1989, English scientist Tim Berners-
Lee (1955–) began work on a system he
would eventually call the World Wide
Web. His goal was to make the
Internet accessible to everyone. Berners-
Lee designed a standard set of protocols,
• Rules that create an exact format, or pattern of
arrangement, for communication between
systems. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
became the standard communications language
on the Web.
• HTTP - (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules
for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound,
video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide
Web.
• Hypertext is any text that can link to documents in
other locations. Photos and other images, sounds, and
video with links are called hypermedia
• 1993 - 1995, the World Wide Web (www, or the Web), a user-
friendly information-sharing network system, quietly came
into being and began to spread

The Internet age began in the 1960s, when computer

specialists in Europe began to exchange information from a
main computer to a remote terminal by breaking down data
into small packets of information that could be reassembled
at the receiving end. The system was called packet-
switching.
•
• In 1993, Mosaic, a browser that adapted the
graphics, familiar icons (picture symbols), and
point-and-click methods, became available.

• A year later, one of Mosaic's creators devised

Netscape Navigator, a highly successful Web
browser that gave users more comfortable Web
access.
• In 1995, Microsoft entered the competition with its
Internet Explorer.

• Internet service providers such as CompuServe,

America Online (AOL), Netcom, and Prodigy arose
rapidly to meet the enormous demand for servers to
link people to the Internet.
• Yahoo! Inc. was nothing more than a Web search index. By
1999, so many advertisers and investors had jumped on the
Yahoo! bandwagon, it had become a major media company
worth tens of billions of dollars. The stock of online auction
house eBay, one of a growing number of e-commerce
companies, increased 2,000 percent in value in less than a
year when it went public in 1998.
• Amazon.com, 1995, a seller of books and other merchandise
online, was valued in the multibillions long before it made its first
annual profit in 2004.
The dot-com bubble bursts
• Many dot-com companies were founded by young, innovative
people who became suddenly rich when their companies’ stock
prices rose. Their employees were typically recent college
graduates, lured by high salaries, fun work environments, and the
promise of owning shares in ever-soaring company stocks.
WEB 1.0
The first iteration of the web represents the web 1.0, which,
according to Berners-Lee, is the “read-only web.”
The early web allowed us to search for information and read it.
There was very little in the way of user interaction or content
generation.
The overall goal
-to present products to potential customers — much as a
catalog or a brochure does — to anyone in the world. The web
provides the exposure.
Web 2.0 and its Environment

Web 2.0 is the term given to describe a second

generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the
ability for people to collaborate and share information
online via social media, blogging and Web-based
communities.
 After the dot-com bubble burst, a second wave of
Web industries arose, which came to be known as Web
2.0. The leader among them was a successful search
engine called Google.
Search engines are software programs that help users
locate Web sites. They use programs, called “spiders” or
“robots,” that go out and collect information, which is
then stored and indexed in the search engine's Web site
databases.)
Blogs had emerged. A blog (derived from “Web log”) is an online
commentary written by a nonprofessional writer in journal style that
allows readers to respond
Among many other popular Web 2.0 environments are
• MySpace, a social networking Web site with an estimated 154 million
members

YouTube, a Web site on which users can display videos.

Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia written and edited by its

readers, grew into a several-million-article project.
INTERNET - a global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using standardized communication
protocols.
YAHOO – 1994, is an Internet portal that incorporates a search
engine and a directory of World Wide Web sites ; chat groups ,
instant messaging , and e-mail.
• GOOGLE -1998, search for information about (someone or
something) on the Internet using the search engine
• WIKIPEDIA – 2001, is a free online encyclopedia, created
and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by
the Wikimedia Foundation.
• SKYPE – 2003, a voice over Internet Protocol software
application used for voice, video and instant messaging
communications. .
• YOUTUBE -2004 ,is a video sharing service that allows users
to watch videos posted by other users and upload videos of
their own.
• FACEBOOK - 2004 is an online social networking
website where people can create profiles, share
information such as photos and quotes about
themselves, and respond or link to the information
posted by others.
MOBILE PHONE
- is a portable telephone that can make and receive
calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving
within a telephone service area.
LAPTOP
-aportable microcomputer having its main
components (such as processor, keyboard, and display
screen) integrated into a single unit capable of battery-
powered operation
• Mobile Phones support a variety of other services,
such as:
- text messaging, SMS (SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES)
- MMS, (MULTIMEDIA MESSAGING SERVICES)
- email,
- Internet access,
- short-range wireless communications (infrared,
Bluetooth),
 - business applications,
- video games, and
- digital photography.
Mobile phones offering only those
capabilities are known as feature phones;
mobile phones which offer greatly advanced
computing capabilities are referred to as
smartphones.