Delhi Technological University

(Formerly Delhi College of Engineering)

Seismic Fragility Analysis of Irregular RC

Structure With Masonry Infills Using Staad
Pro
Fragility curve
Fragility curves is a statistical tool representing the probability of exceeding a
given damage state (or performance) as a function of an engineering demand
parameter that represents the ground motion (preferably spectral displacement
at a given frequency)
Advantages of Fragility Curves
● The fragility curves are established to provide a prediction of potential
damage during an earthquake.
● The fragility function is also directly used to reduce damage cost and loss
of life during a seismic event.
● Apart from the mainshock, probability aftershock must also be
investigated to decide whether or when to permit re-occupancy of a
building.
● Fragility curves are commonly used in civil engineering to assess the
vulnerability of structures to earthquakes.
 Regular And Irregular Buildings
Buildings having simple & regular geometry and uniformly distributed mass and
stiffness in plan as well as elevation, suffer much less damage. These are called
Regular buildings.
Irregular buildings are of two types.
● PLAN IRREGULARITIES
● VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
Types Of Vertical Irregularities
1. Stiffness irregularity: Under
stiffness irregularity the stiffness of
the members in a frame are not equal
and they vary according to the floor
height, modulus of elasticity of
concrete and moment of inertia of
that member.
2. Mass Irregularity :- Mass irregularity shall be
considered to exist where the seismic weight of any
storey is more than 200 percent of that of its
adjacent storeys. In case of roof irregularity need
not be considered.

3. Vertical Geometric Irregular :- A structure is

considered to be vertical geometric irregular when
the horizontal dimension of the lateral force
resisting system in any storey is more than 200
percent of that in its adjacent storey. In case of
roofs irregularity need not be considered.
4. In-plane discontinuity in vertical lateral force-
resisting element: An in-plane offset of the lateral load-
resisting elements greater than the length of those
elements.

5. Discontinuity in capacity (Weak storey):A weak

storey is one in which the storey strength is less than 80
% of that in the storey above.
Assumptions used in earthquake resistant design
● Earthquake ground motions are complex and irregular, consisting of
several frequencies and of varying amplitudes each lasting for a small
duration. Therefore, usually, resonance of the type as visualized under
steady-state sinusoidal excitations will not occur, as it would need time to
build up such amplitudes
● Earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with high wind,
maximum flood or maximum sea waves.
● The values of elastic modulus of materials, wherever required, will be
taken as for static analysis, unless more definite values are available
for use in dynamic conditions [see IS 456, IS 800, IS 1343, IS 1905
and IS 2974 (Parts 1 to 5)].
Different Earthquake zones
India has been divided into 4 EQ zone namely:

ZONE II, ZONE III , ZONE IV, ZONE V.

The Zone factor as per IS code 1892:2016 are:

F=m*a
a=z*g
Z=zone factor
Load Combination for Earthquake Loading
1) 1.2 [DL + IL ± (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ)] and
1.2 [DL + IL ± (ELY ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELZ)];
2) 1.5 [DL ± (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ) and
1.5 [DL + IL ± (ELY ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELZ)];

3) 0.9 DL ± 1.5 (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ) and

0.9 DL ± 1.5 (ELY ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELZ).

Future Work
● Modelling of G+3 building using Staad pro & analysis of the building

○ Static analysis

○ Response spectrum analysis

○ Time history analysis

● Developing the fragility curves for different earthquake accelerations.

Research paper studied :
● T.Choudhary and H.B Kaushik(2018),Seismic fragility function for
without vertical irregularity reinforced concrete frames.

Seismic fragility functions are essential for performance-based seismic

design of structures.

A common practice in the past to consider global demand parameters,

such as peak roof displacement or drift in a building to estimate its seismic
fragility. Maximum demand is mostly concentrated at the level of
irregularity.

To investigate the matter, reinforced concrete frames with and without

vertical irregularity (soft storey) were considered
References
● T.Choudhary and H.B kaushik(2018),Seismic fragility function for
without vertical irregularity reinforced concrete frames.
● Trishna choudhary and Hemant B. KAushik (2018): component level
fragility estimation for vertical irregular Reinforced concrete
frames,Journal of Earthquake engineering.
● IS : 1893 –part -4 – 2016: Criteria For Earthquake Design Of Structures.
● IS : 4326 – 1976: Code Of Practice For Earthquake Resistant Design And
Construction Of Buildings
● IS : 13920 – 2016: Code Of Practice For Ductile Detailing Of Reinforced
Concrete Structures Subjected To Seismic Forces
● SP: 22 – Explanatory Handbook On Codes For Earthquake Engineering