PARTS OF SPEECH

1. Noun
2. Adjective
3. Pronoun
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
ADDITIONAL PARTS
1. Article
2. Demonstrative
3. Existence
 PART OF SPEECH
1.NOUN
Name of thing (person, place, time,
and entities in the word)
– Vocabulary
– Andi, Padangsidimpuan, tonight, stone,
father, book, table, etc.
2. Adjective
Modification of noun
– To explain, to indicate, and modify noun in order to
get more.
– Quantitative
• Cardinal
• Ordinal
– Qualitative
• Color (pink, red,
• Size
• Behavior
• Attitude
3. PRONOUN
Other names of noun
- As references (Semantics)
S O POSSESIVE POSSESIVE REFLEXTIVE
(SUBJECT) (OBJECT) ADJECTIVE PRONOUN PRONOUN

I ME MY… MINE MYSELF

WE US OUR… OURS OURSELVES
YOU YOU YOUR… YOURS YOURSELF/VES
THEY THEM THEIR… THEIRS THEMSELVES
HE HIM HIS… HIS HIMSELF
SHE HER HER… HERS HERSELF
IT IT ITS… ITS ITSELF
ANDI ANDI ANDI’S… ANDI’S HIMSELF
RINA RINA RINA’S… RINA’S HERSELF
4. Verb
= Doing words (process)
NO V1 V2 V3 Ving Meaning
1 read read read reading membac
a
2 write wrote written writing Menulis
3 speak spoke spoken speakingBerbicar
a
4 listen listened listened listening Mendenga
r

5 see saw seen seing Melihat

5. Adverb
=Modifies Verb
a. place (…continued in preposition)
b. time (…continued in preposition)
c. manner
d. Frequency
 d. Adverb of Frequency
The extent of time and place
• Time
every Usually Always Sometimes
Seldom Rare Never almost …
Example:
I go home on evening always/usually/every
Sunday/sometimes/seldom/rarely/never/
almost never
• Place
Close Near Far/further very far
very close so far so near so close

here there
over here over there

Example:
1.I am not so close/so far/very far/very close/so near
with him
2.I am here/there/over here/over there
6. Preposition
= modifies adverb (place and time)
Example:
in = general time/place
on = Between (…relative)
at = Specific place/time

1. Time
at = It is at 07.00 o’clock
It is about 07.00 o’clock
It is around 07.00 o’clock
in = I was the student in 2009
on = day, date month
I was born at 02.00 am
on Wednesday,
….. August,
… .. 15th
in 1984
2. Place
at = village, ….Sreet (at Mongunsidi street)
in = City (general place)
on = … ( there should be reason)
I am on position (sedang berada di posisi)
I am on you (saya mendukungmu)
I live at Manunggang Jae, Perintis Street in
Padangsidimpuan
Ramadianto lives at Sutomo street, Marancar
Village in Padangsidimpuan

On Above
under below
7. Conjunction
a. is relational words
b. To relate language elements
c. To relate
1. Words – words (Andi and Rina)
- Phrases (Andi and his father/his kind
father)
2. Phrases – phrases (My Uncle and his young son)
3. Clauses – clauses (I love reading when I have free time)
4. Sentences – sentences (I like banana. So I plant it in the
garden)
5. Paragraph- paragraph
 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE
1. Word is combination of letters that has meaning
2. Group is combination of one dependent and one
independent word
3. Phrase is combination of two or more independent words
4. Clause contains one process/verb than subject, object or
adverb
5. Sentence is combination of words, groups, phrases and
clauses started by capital letter and ended by full stop.
6. Paragraph contain mean idea and supporting idea or
conclusions and
7. Text is word, group, phrase, clause, sentence or
paragraph that convey meaning
 Folk language and
Linguistic Terms
LANGUAGE LINGUISTICS

Semantics/Pragmat
Meaning ics

Words Morphology

Groups/ Syntax/Gramm
Phrases/Clause/ ar/
Sentences/ Lexicogrammar
Text
Symbols/Sound Phonetics and
s Phonology
8. Interjection
Expressions of feeling and thinking (laugh, tear,
sad, happy, etc) expressed
immediately/directly
Normally is coded by Exclamative mark (!),
Quotation (‘_’) and double quotation (“_”) in
written form.
Analysis of direct speech.
1.Word : Hi!!!, Hello!, Bye!, Ok!, Wow!, ‘yes’,
No’, etc.
2.Group/Phrase: “Thank you”, Of course!, good
morning!,
3.Clause: How do you do!.
9. Article
Is dependent word that functions to decide noun.
The, a and an.
1. A
is used for singular noun that started by consonant
sound/letter.
A Couple, A glass, A car, etc.
2. An
is used for singular noun that started by vowel
sound/letter
an egg, an umbrella, an hour, an organ, an eye, etc
3. The
is used for both, singular and plural, but, it is
pronounced different.
- The boys, The car
- The eggs, The Umbrella, the organs, etc.
10. Demonstrative
Pronoun
a. Is pointing/referring noun/Pronoun.
b. Pointing and reference.
c. 1. This is/was
is used for singular noun that can be touched by hand.
-This is my book, this was my candidate school in 2007.
2. That is/was
is used for singular noun that cannot be touched by hand
-That is my book, that was my candidate school.
3. These are/were
is used for plural noun that can be touched by hand
-These are my books, These were my bags
4. Those are/were
is used for Plural noun that cannot be touched by hand
-Those are my books, Those were my bags
 Demonstrative Pronoun

Singular Plural
This That These Those
Is/ This is
wa
s
Times/tense

Are
/
wer
e
11. Existence
a.Ada
b.To show the existence
c. There + Be (is, am, are/was, were)
1. There is a car in the garage
2. There was a child there two days ago
3. There are many people in the campus
4. There were many people in the party
yesterday