Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Penyakit pneumokokus
ARI PRAYITNO
Divisi Infeksi dan Pediatri Tropis, Dep. Ilmu Kesehatan Anak
Fakultas Kedokteran UI – Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
Pokok bahasan
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Comitting to Child Survival: A Progress Renewed. Progress Report 2015. UNICEF. September 2015.
http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_83078.html. Accessed January 22, 2016
Global Death Among Children Under Five
UNICEF. One is too many: Ending child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea. November 2016.
Indonesia and Pneumonia
Top countries with Pneumonia
Source: WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) provisional
estimates 2015
Indonesia
10 sample
Penyebab registration
kematian balita system 2014
di Indonesia
Penyebab kematian pneumonia bakterial pada anak
Lain-lain
(Jamur, Virus)
30%
S.Pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus)
50%
H.Influenza tipe B
20%
Serotype 19F; Photograph courtesy of Robert P. • Lebih dari 90 serotipe S pneumoniae yang sudah
Smith MS, MS Senior Research Scientist, Wyeth
Vaccines. diidentifikasi1,2
– Serotipe-serotipe berbeda patogenisitasnya
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. 13th
ed. Washington D.C. Public Health Foundation, 2015. 2. World Health Organization. Initiative for Vaccine Research. Acute respiratory infections.
http://apps.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/ari/en/index3.html. Accessed July 21, 2015. 10
Mencegah kolonisasi akan mencegah
penularan serotipe
bayi lain
saudara
serumah
orang
dewasa
geriatri
Kolonisasi nasofaring
1. Hull MW, et al. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21:265-282. 3. Regev-Yochay G, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:632-639.
2. Cardozo DM, et al. Braz J Infect Dis. 2006;10:293-303. 4.Chi DH, et al. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17:209-214.
Penyebaran Bakteri Pneumokokus
CDC. Pneumococcal disease. In: Atkinson W, Wolfe S, Hamborsky J, eds. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. 12th ed. Washington
DC: Public Health Foundation; 2011;217-230. 11th ed. 2009;217-230.
WHO. Acute Respiratory Infections (Update September 2009). http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/ari/en/print.html..
Patogenesis penyakit pneumokokus
Pneumonia invasif
Otitis Media
Meningitis
Sinusitis
15
Beban penyakit pneumokokus pada anak
Meningitis Invasive
Bacteremia/sepsis Pneumococcal
Bacteremic pneumonia Disease (IPD)
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S,
eds. 13th ed. Washington D.C. Public Health Foundation, 2015. 16 11
OMA pneumokokus
http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/clnicians/clinical-features.html
Meningitis pneumokokus
https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/symptoms-complications.html
Meningitis pneumokokus
http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html
Meningitis bakterialis di Amerika Serikat 1998-2007
Mental
Death Paralysis
retardation
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S,
eds. 13th ed. Washington D.C. Public Health Foundation, 2015. 2. World Health Organization. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012;87(14):129-144.
INSIDENS IPD BERDASARKAN USIA
Insidens IPD per 100,000 populasi di Inggris, dan Wales, 1998-2006
60
40
20
0
<2 mo 2-5 mo 6-11 mo 1-<2 2-4 5-9 10-14 15-44 45-64 65-74 75-79 ≥80
Insidens IPD menunjukkan bentuk kurva “U-shaped” dengan puncak pada usia tertentu
Diadaptasi dari Kaye P et al. Poster presented at: ESPID Brussels, June 2009.
Mengapa kelompok usia muda berisiko untuk IPD dan
pneumonia pneumokokus?
• Anak usia <2 tahun
• Antibodi maternal yang protektif sudah mulai menghilang1