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most people assume that they know what is right and wrong
they have an instinctive and most of the time, unshakable moral judgement
their understanding about the relationship about husband and wife , their
duties, roles they play, the relationship of power and authority are
accepted from their culture
human beings feel that some conceptions of the good are more fruitful
and more creative for living a human life
it is even possible that some conceptions of the good actually violate the
integrity of human existence
people believed that the gods or the cosmos imposed a natural
law and the good was based on the transcendent order
great religion already defined how the natural law was the
foundation of the natural good
human person was universal for all persons, then they could devise rules for
reason that would ensure that reasonable persons could arrive at an
understanding of the good that was acceptable to all men
as long as the autonomous humans had rules for legitimately legislating for
themselves an understanding of the good that everyone could accept as
rational , then there would be a universal conception of the good that was not
dependent on a god or the cosmos
ethical thinking was faced with the reality of multiple cultures and possible
conceptions of the good
Discourse Theory
shared understanding
morality
many rules that govern people make sense while the conditions
that make them useful exist
one is not the bearer of a rationality that reflects the rationality of all
peoples
Habermas is one of the philosophers who has helped sort out the
principles for formulating conceptions of the good solidarity with others
Human beings act in the society.
“ Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same
time will that it should become a universal law”
humanity has seen that people from various cultures and socities
have produced various forms of rationality with their own
conception of good
Habermas proposes:
“ All affected can accept the consequences and the side effects its
general observance can be anticipated to have for the satisfaction of
everyone’s interest ( and these consequences are preferred to those
of known alternative possibilities for regulation)
Habermas comes up with the principle of discourse ethics:
“ only those norms can claim to be valid that meet with the approval
of all affected in their capacity as participants in a practical
discourse”
non- Westernized
modern Westernized
indigenous people
Genuine representation
2. The process must be fair such that all external influence like
power and money are suspended and only the force of the better
REVINA AREVALO
JESSA GAMILONG
JHON JEB GANANCIAL