CUTTING TOOL

KNURLING
•It is an operation, which is done to give good gripping
surface on the work piece.
•The knurling tool is held in the tool post and is pressed
against the surface of the work piece by cross feed.
 Knurled surface
Cutting
speed
Feed Movement
for depth
Knurling tool
Tool post
DRILLING
Nomenclature of Drill Point
 TYPES OF DRILL
1. FLAT AND SPADE DRILL

•Earliest and Simple form of tool.

•Made from round tool steel and cutting edge made by forging.
•Cutting angle from 90 to 120 degree.
•Cannot produce accurate holes and reduce tool diameter on
grinding
 2. TWIST DRILL
•Most commonly for drilling
through metal
•Twist drills often have two
cutting edges and two
flutes to remove chips as
the hole is cut.
•Twist drills are of straight
shank below 12mm and
taper(above 12mm Size)
3. STRAIGHT FLUTE DRILL
1. Straight fluted drill bits do not have
a helical twist like twist drill bits do.
2. They are used when drilling copper
or brass.
3. Specially designed for edge
strength, high precision holes, and
reaming finishes in abrasive materials.
 4. CENTER DRILL
•Used in metal
working to provide a
starting hole for a
larger-sized drill bit

•Establishing
the center of a hole or
making a conical hole
for a lathe center.
 5. CORE DRILL BIT
•Used to enlarge an
existing hole.
•Have 2 or 3 flute
which enhances the
finish of the hole.
•Drilling out the hole
left by a foundry core
 6. GUN DRILL BIT
Gun drills are straight fluted drills which
allow either compressed air or a suitable
liquid to be injected through the drill's
hollow body to the cutting face.
 7. MASONRY DRILL
In masonry drill the tool is a relatively soft
steel and an insert of Tungsten
carbide is Brazed into the steel to provide the
cutting edge. Used for drilling into bricks, concrete,
and stone
 8. TITANIUM NITRIDE HSS

•Titanium nitride coating

extend tool life [4-6
times] by reducing any
heat build up.
•Can be used in plastic,
metal, wood.
 9. AUGER DRILL

•Capable of drilling
holes with ease in
thick hard dry timber,
power drills, drill
presses, and boring.
 10. STEP DRILL
•Step drill is a conical shape, stepped profile
from narrow point to a large base.
•Allows one bit to achieve multiple size
holes.
•Titanium-nitride coating to reduce heat
build up and keeps well lubricated.
 Flank wear
Flank wear in which the portion of the tool in contact with
the finished part erodes. Width of flank wear (VB). Flank
wear can result in:
Poor surface finish
Hole tolerance out of range
Power increase
Cause
1. Cutting speed too high (vc)
2. Insufficient wear resistance in grade
Action
1. Decrease cutting speed (vc)
2. Select a more wear resistant grade
 Crater wear​
•Consists of a concave section on the tool face
formed by the action of the chip sliding on the
surface.
•Crater wear affects the mechanics of the process
increasing the actual rake angle of the cutting
tool and consequently, making cutting easier.
•At the same time, the crater wear weakens the
tool wedge and increases the possibility for tool
breakage. In general, crater wear is of a relatively
small concern.
 Corner Wear
•Occurs on the tool corner. Can be
considered as a part of the wear land and
respectively flank wear since there is no
distinguished boundary between the
corner wear and flank wear land.
•Corner wear actually shortens the cutting
tool thus increasing gradually the
dimension of machined surface and
introducing a significant dimensional error
in machining, which can reach values of
about 0.03~0.05 mm.
 Chipping in cutting zone
•Chipping in cutting zone can result in
Exaggerated flank wear
Poor surface finish
Cause
1. Unstable conditions
2. Irregular surface
3. Insufficient toughness of grade
4. Insert geometry too weak
5. Insufficient cutting fluid
6. Sand inclusions (cast iron)
Action
1. Improve stability (tool overhang, fixturing)
2. Reduce feed at entrance. Choose tougher geometry
3. Select a tougher grade
4. Select a stronger geometry
5. Increase cutting fluid
6. Choose a stronger geometry, reduce feed
 Breakage
Breakage can result in
Tool break down
Destroyed work piece
Cause
1. Insufficient stability
2. Intermittent cutting
3. Insufficient cutting fluid
4. Too high feed or too high/low cutting speed
5. Grade too brittle (P-insert)
6. Insert worn out
Action
1. Improve stability (shorten tool overhang, better work piece
fixturing etc.)
2. Reduce feed, choose tougher geometry
3. Increase cutting fluid
4. Adjust cutting data
5. Choose a tougher grade
6. Determine safe tool life on peripheral insert
Trepanning is used for larger hole
diameters and where machine power is
limited, because it is not as
powerconsuming as solid drilling
BORING TOOL
HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE
TABLE TYPE
VERTICAL BORING