Overview

 Importance of text in a multimedia presentation.

 Type of text
 Unicode standard
 Text Compression
 Text file format
What is Text?

 Words and symbols in any form, spoken or written, are the most common
means of communication.
 Texts in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs is used to
communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly every aspect of our lives.

 Multimedia products depends on text for many

things:
 to explain how the application work.
 to guide the user in navigating through the application.
 deliver the information for which the application was designed.
 What is Text?
 Based on creating letters, numbers and special characters.
 Text elements can be categories into:
 Alphabet characters : A – Z
 Numbers : 0 – 9
 Special characters : Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or Symbols [* & ^ %
$ £ ! /\ ~ # @ .…]
 Also known Character Sets
 May also include special icon or drawing symbols, mathematical
symbols, Greek Letter etc.
 Text Type :
 Our society has evolved standard ways of writing a text for a given
purpose, e.g.,

 To tell a story  The Narrative

 To describe  Descriptive Text

 Provide instructions  Instructional Text

 To convince  Argumentative Structure

 To explain  Exposition
 Narrative Text
 A narrative text is piece of text
which tell a story and entertains
the reader or listener.
 It can be real or not.

Descriptive Text
 Its purpose is to describe paricular
person, place, thing and
highlighting the features,qualities
and properties.

Instructional Text
 An instruction text is a text that
explains to someone how to do
something, such as bake a cake,
play a game or work a DVD
player.
 Exposition Text
 Can include a variety of texts,
such as newspaper articles
and reports, textbooks,
scientific and academic
essays, which present factual
information.

Argumentative Structure
 Unicode Standard
 Unicode provides a unique number for every character,
no matter what the platform,
no matter what the program,
no matter what the language.

 Standard for representing the characters of all the languages of the world, including
Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. In comparison to ASCII, which uses 8 bits for each
character and represent only 256 (2^8) unique characters, Unicode uses 16 bits per
character to represent 65,536 (2^16) unique characters.

 Unicode 9.0.0
 The latest version of the Unicode Standard is Version 9.0.0.
Text Compression

 Text compression can be as simple as removing all unneeded characters,

inserting a single repeat character to indicate a string of repeated
characters, and substituting a smaller bit string for a frequently occurring bit
string. Compression can reduce a text file to 50% or a significantly higher
percentage of its original size.
 Lossless compression
 Lossless compression is essential in applications such as text file compression.
 Popular text compressors such as zip, RLW, LZW, Arithmetic encoding, Huffman
coding, Shannon Fano coding.
 LZW Compression : (Lempel-Ziv-Welch)
 Character sequences in the original text are replaced by codes that are
dynamically determined.

code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
key a b ab ba aba abb bab

 Original text = abababbabaabbabbaabba

 Compressed text = 0122
Lossy Compression

 Lossy compression is acceptable in many imaging applications. ƒ

 In lossy compression it is assumed that some ;oss of information is
acceptable. The loss may be in the form of color depth or graphics details.
 Technique uses:
 Transform coding, DCT, DWT, Fractal compression, RSSMS.
 Text File Formats
 In a computer, a file format is the layout of a file in terms of how the data within
the file is organized.
 File extension uniquely identifies the type of file (format).
 Data content specific.
 Software application specific.
 A few of the more common file formats are:
 Text File(.TXT)
 TXT is a file extension for a text file, used by a variety of text editors.
 Text is a human-readable sequence of characters and the words they form
that can be encoded into computer-readable formats.
 Word documents (.doc)

 Microsoft Word document. DOC is a document file format used by

MicrosoftWord, also used with most word processing software, including
OpenOffice.
 DOCstands for DOCument file.
 A DOC file can contain formatted text, images, tables, graphs, charts, page
formatting, and print settings.
 HTML (.html)
 HTML is a HyperText Markup Language file format used as the basis of a web
page.HTML is a file extension used interchangeably with HTM.
 HTML is consists of tags surrounded by angle brackets.
 The HTML tags can be used to define headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes,
and interactive forms.
Portable Document Format(PDF)

 PDF (Portable Document Format) is a file format that has captured all the
elements of a printed document as an electronic image that you can view,
navigate, print, or forward to someone else.
Reference:

 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/unicode.html
 http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/compression
 https://www.cise.ufl.edu/~sahni/cop3530/slides/lec182.pdf
 http://www.ijcset.com/docs/IJCSET16-07-03-049.pdf
 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/file-format
 https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-
instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=what+is+word+doc+file+format