POWER SUPPLY

B Y: A I L A M A R I E E S P A R T E R O
GERALD SURMIEDA
 GUIDE QUESTIONS:

• What is the definition of Power Supply Unit?

• What is the importance of Power Supply Unit?
• What are the parts of Power Supply Unit?
• What are the three types of Power Supply
Unit?
• Problems that may occur in Power Supply Unit?
-How can it be solved?
 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

• A power supply is a hardware

component that supplies power to
an electrical device.
• A power supply is an electronic device that
supplies electric energy to an electrical load.
The primary function of a power supply is to
convert one form of electrical energy to
another end, as a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electrical power
converters.
THE IMPORTANCE OF POWER SUPPLY

• It has to supply the exact or near exact

voltage at the required wattage to all of the
circuitry inside your computer.
• It receives power from an electrical outlet
and converts the current from AC
(alternating current) to DC (direct current),
which is what the computer requires.
• It converts one type of electrical power to
another, but it may also convert a different
form of energy – such as solar, mechanical,
or chemical - into electrical energy.
• The power from a wall outlet is high-voltage
AC. The type of power computers need
is low-voltage DC. All computer parts (the
electronic chips on the motherboard and
adapters, the electronics on the drives, and
the motors in the hard drive and optical
drive) need DC power to operate.
Power supplies can be:

Standalone units (like the “bricks” we plug

into walls for laptops)
Built-in units (like in refrigerators,
microwaves, and TV’s)
Hybrid units (like the built-in, yet self-
contained power supplies used in desktop
computers)
Where is it Located? Internal Parts
INTERNAL PARTS OF A POWER SUPPLY

A: Bridge rectifier
B: input filter capacitors,
between B and C –
Heatsink for HV transistors
C: transformer, between C
and D – Heatsink for low-
voltage rectifiers
D: output filter coil
E: output filter capacitors
 TRANSFORMER

• The transformer is a static device that

transfers electrical energy from the primary
winding to the secondary winding without
affecting the frequency. It is used to step-up
or step-down the ac voltage level and
isolates the remainder of the electronic
system from the ac power.
 RECTIFIER

• The rectifier is a device used to change

the ac power into pulsating dc. The basic
rectifier is the diode. This diode is a
unidirectional device that operates as
rectifier in the forward direction.
 FILTER

• The filter of the power supply is used to keep

the ripple component from appearing in the
output. It is designed to convert pulsating DC
from rectifier circuits into a suitably smooth
dc level.
 VOLTAGE REGULATORS

• A voltage regulator is designed to provide a

very steady or well regulated dc output. It is
always ideal to have a steady output voltage
so that the load will operate properly. The
output level is maintained regardless of the
variation of the input voltage.
TYPES OF POWER SUPPLY
U N R E G U L A T E D , R E G U L A T E D A N D S WI T C H I N G
 UNREGULATED

• An unregulated power supply is the most

rudimentary type, consisting of
a transformer, rectifier, and low-pass
filter.
• These power supplies typically exhibit a lot of
ripple voltage (i.e. rapidly-varying instability)
and other AC “noise” superimposed on the
DC power.
• The advantage-it’s cheap, simple, and
efficient.
• The disadvantage - is that its output
voltage is affected significantly by changes
in the mains voltage and also by changes
in the load current. As the load draws
more current, the DC terminal voltage
decreases.
 LINEAR REGULATED

• A linear regulated supply is simply a “brute

force” (unregulated) power supply followed
by a transistor circuit operating in its “active,”
or “linear” mode, hence the
name linear regulator.
• A typical linear regulator is designed to
output a fixed voltage for a wide range of
input voltages, and it simply drops any
excess input voltage to allow a maximum
output voltage to the load.
• This excess voltage drop results in significant
power dissipation in the form of heat.
• If the input voltage gets too low, the
transistor circuit will lose regulation, meaning
that it will fail to keep the voltage steady.
• It can only drop excess voltage, not make up
for a deficiency in voltage from the brute
force section of the circuit.
 SWITCHING

• A switching regulated power

supply (“switcher”) is an effort to realize the
advantages of both brute force and linear
regulated designs (small, efficient, and
cheap, but also “clean,” stable output
voltage).
• Switching power supplies work on the
principle of rectifying the incoming AC power
line voltage into DC, re-converting it into
high-frequency square-wave AC through
transistors operated as on/off switches,
stepping that AC voltage up or down by using
a lightweight transformer, then rectifying the
transformer’s AC output into DC and filtering
for final output.
MODULAR VS NON MODULAR
 PROBLEMS IN POWER SUPPLY

1. Overheating due to fan failure

The problem is, eventually
this lubricant escapes,
suffers viscosity
breakdown, or just dries
up. Please note that
vegetable or olive oils will
suffer viscosity
breakdowns faster than
oils that are meant to be
lubricants.
2. System’
s requirements are more than
power supply

When gaming is involved, one must realize

that video cards these days require a lot of
power and amperes to run correctly. When
purchasing a PSU, be sure you have the
wattage and amps needed for the
equipment inside of your computer,
especially the video cards. Make sure you are
not maxing out the wattage with the additional
equipment you install. The power supply
should exceed your system's
requirements by a minimum of 20%.
3. Overheat and burn out caused by dust
particles
Fan blades often collect large amounts
of dust particles. ... Dust and fibers that
get into your computer will generally end
up stuck on the air intake grill of
the power supply. When the air intake to
the power supply is restricted, the power
supply can overheat and burn out.
This can also cause damage to the
motherboard.