Nature of

Organization
& Management
Nature of Organization
What is an Organization?

An Organization is a
COLLECTION of people
who work TOGETHER and
Coordinate there actions
to ACHIVE a wide variety
of goals
 Organization
Organizations exist to allow
accomplishment of work that
could not be achieved by
people alone.
As long as the goals of an
organization are appropriate,
society will allow them to exist
and they can contribute to
society..
Society
Organizations are strongly
influenced by the people that Organizations use
form part of them.
management to
Organizations can take in part
the personality of the people
accomplish the work
within them and the attitudes, that is required to
perceptions and behaviors achieve the goals.
affect how an organization will
operate.
People Management
Principles of ORGANIZATION
1. Division of Labor. - Breaking down of jobs into simple & repetitive tasks.
Individual specialize in part of the job

2. Unity of Command. - No Member of Organization should report to more than one

superior. This is to ensure that conflicting demands & priorities
are not received by the employee.

3. Authority & Responsibility. - Authority is the right inherent by the manager to give orders
and be obeyed. Required to coordinate activities in an
organization. Can be delegated to subordinates for proper
functioning & efficient performance.
- Responsibility comes with authority. Two types of responsibility
1. Operating Responsibility.
2. Ultimate Responsibility.
4. Span of Control. - Refers to the number of people the manager controls
Importance Any effective organization

of 1. Makes the management simple and efficient

Organization 2. Encourages specialization
3. Improves techniques
The management asks the 4. Encourages constructive thinking
organization to accomplish
5. Increase productivity and
the tasks set-forth before it
Accelerates the progress
which an effective
organization is capable of
achieving through its fruitful
organizational framework.
This is why it is said that
organization is a foundation
upon which the whole
structure of management can
be successfully built.
Management
What is an Management?

“Effective, Efficient integration

& Coordination of Resources to
achieve the desired objectives”
Goals of Management
• Ultimate aim of any business organization is to
make profit.

• Spending minimum time, money, material & achieve

Maximum personnel satisfaction
• Increase Productivity

• Effectiveness & Efficiency of Productivity

• Attainment of Objectives

Portfolio Designed
Function of Manager
Manager
An individual who plans, organizes, staffs, leads & controls
resources effectively & efficiently to attain organizational goals.

Planning
Futuristic perspective. Setting goals to meet the organization
objective
Organizing
Grouping activities, allocating authority among members so that
they can achieve the organization goals.
Staffing
Involves manning & keeping the different positions in the
organizational structure.
Leading
Influence the subordinates to direct efforts towards achievement of
organizational goal.
Controlling
Ensure that the actions of the subordinates are as per plan & lead
towards the organizational goal.
 Management Skills
All skills are required at any level. Technical skills at lower levels, conceptual skills at
higher level and Human skill are important at all levels

Human Skill Conceptual

Technical Skill
Skill
Ability to use tools, Ability to work with, Ability to see the
procedures, understand and organization as a
techniques & motivate other whole, to recognize
knowledge of employees as significant elements
specialized skills individual & groups. in a situation, and
to understand the
relationship among
elements. Cognitive
ability to coordinate
& integrate all the
activities of the
organization.
The
Management
Pyramid

Department Head
Plant Manager
Plant Superintendent
 Types of Managers
Middle Managers Top Managers
First Line Managers
Heads of Various
Often called departments and Set Organizational
supervisors stand at organize human and
Goals, Strategies to
the base of the other resources to
achieve organizational implement them and
managerial hierarchy. make decisions.
goals
 Managerial Role

Informational Interpersonal Decisional

Monitor Figurehead Entrepreneur

Disseminator Leader Disturbance Handler

Spokesperson Liaison Resource Allocator

Negotiator

Processing Information Providing Information Using Information

The Evolution of Administrative thought
and its historical background

Contributions of the church and the

military to administrative thoughts.

Classical approaches – their limitations

and the major contributions

Contemporary approaches and the

major contributors.
Evolution of Administrative thought
Military Administration
- Identifies both the techniques and
systems used by military
departments, agencies, and Armed
Services involved in the management
of the armed forces.

Formal Military Organization Used the Hierarchical

structure.
Hierarchy – an arrangement of items in which items are
represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same
level as" one another.

Three Military Branches

. Army, Navy, Air force
Evolution of Administrative thought
Church Administration
- Church administration and
management positions guide, direct and
oversee the critical functions that
help churches meet their long-term
goals. Church administrators also play a
role in helping the community, given the
nature of today's churches.

Church management
- is the combination of the spiritual
and the organizational
Evolution of Administrative thought
- Classical organizational theory

- Human relations approach

- Behavioral science approach

- Post-behavioral science approach

• CLASSICAL ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY

* Evolved around the ideas of scientific and

administrative management
TWO DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVE
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
- focused on the management of work and
workers

ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
- addressed issues concerning how an
overall organization should be structured
FOUR PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
1 2 3 4

Scientific Selection Management Functional

Job of Cooperation Supervising
Personnel
Analysis
FOURTEEN PRINCIPLE OF AMINISTRATIVE
MANAGEMENT
- Authority - Scalar chain
- Discipline - Order

- Division of work - Equity

- Unity of Command - Stability of personnel

- Initiative
- Unity of direction
- Esprit de corps
- Subordination of individual interest
- Renumeration
- Centralization
• HUMAN RELATION APPROACH

Widely known as the Hawthorne Studies

• BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE APPROACH

Behavioral science
emphasizes the use of
scientific procedures to
study the psychological,
sociological, and
anthropological aspects of
human behavior in
organization
• POST-BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE APPROACH

* The Post- Behavioral Approach is a future

oriented approach which wants to solve
problems of both present and future
Thank You