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PROCESSING
Llave, Rav Christian M.
Mañalong, John Kenneth A.
CHM150L – A01
E D U O I L
Z C R D E U
C R U D E
O I L
E D U O I L
Z C R D E U
P D U O N L
Z C T R X E
P E T R O N
P D U O N L
Z C T R X E
Imagine life without this
Or this
Or riding this one
Petroleum makes our life easier!
PETROLEUM PROCESSING
Petroleum
A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of
gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons that
occurs naturally beneath the earth's surface.
Needs refining in order to use.
Also called as crude oil
One of world’s main fossil fuel
HUNDRED MILLION
YEARS AGO
Exact day and location
is unknown
Ancient people
worshipped fires fueled
by natural gas
HISTORY
6000 BC
Use of asphalt as boat
and house seal
3000 BC
Construction of pyramid,
using asphalt.
Greasing the pharoah’s
axle using asphalt
Asphalt as embalming
agent for mummies.
DID YOU KNOW?
Asphalt was used during biblical time:
1. As a mortar in Tower of Babel
2. As a seal of Noah’s Ark
HISTORY
Early 1800’s 1858
Whale oil became scarce James Miller Williams
(main source of lamp Discovered first
fuel) commercial oil.
People thought
petroleum was not that
important
People thought that
removal of petroleum
turns off the fire in hell
HISTORY
1859
Colonel Edwin L. Drake
Discovered the
main source of
kerosene
Started the modern 1885
petroleum industry Gasoline engine was
made
HISTORY
Present
1892 Petroleum is more
Diesel engine was versatile
made
Use of gas and diesel
as transportation fuel
ORIGIN
ORIGIN
Kerogen
Ancient marine bodies turns into this before
becoming a fossil fuel.
Kerosene Asphalt
CONSTITUENTS OF
PETROLEUM
1. Aliphatics or Open Chains
2. Ring Compounds
3. Lesser Components
4. Natural Gas Liquids
1. ALIPHATICS OR OPEN CHAINS
HYDROCARBONS
n-Paraffin Series or Alkanes, CnH2n+2
Sulfur
Useless and undesirable compound
Has bad odor
Causes corrosion in pipes
4. NATURAL GAS
Sulfur Content
5. DISTILLATION
Primary refining process
Separation of hydrocarbon compounds into
several fractions
6. OTHER REFINING PROCESSES
Reformer
Conversion of naphthas to high octane
products called reformates.
Alkylation Unit
Converts petroleum into alkylates, a high
octane product.
Coking
Converts heavy feedstock into transportation
fuels
6. OTHER REFINING PROCESSES
Reformer
Conversion of naphthas to high octane
products called reformates.
Alkylation Unit
Converts petroleum into alkylates, a high
octane product.
Coking
Converts heavy feedstock into transportation
fuels
6. OTHER REFINING PROCESSES
Cracking
Breaks down long hydrocarbon into shorter
alkane and alkene.
Thermal Cracking
High P and T
Catalytic Cracking
Fast reaction