21 S T CENTURY

LITERATURE OF THE
PHILIPPINES AND
T H E WO R L D
SPANISH ERA
• The start of the Philippine's more colorful history took place in
March 6, 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan docked on the shores of
Homonhon.
• The Filipinos were then called “Ladinos”, meaning they were
latinized.
• Filipinos were called two things. One is the “Taga-Bayan”, while the
other is the “Taga-bukid” or “Taga-bundok”.
• A person who is a Taga-bayan is considered urbane and civilized and
were in easy range of the church and state.
• A person who is a Taga-bundok or Taga-bukid is called a Bruto
Salvage (Savage Brute) or Indio and were the ones who lived far from
the center of the Spanish power
INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
• The first Filipino alphabet is called Alibata was replaced by the Roman
Alphabet
• The teaching of the Christiana Doctrina the basis of religious practices
• The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent
many of its words to our language
• Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other Dialects
• Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
• Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
• Religious themes dominated the literature of the time.
• European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs,
corridos, and moro-moros.
THE FIRSTBOOKS
• DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE) - This was the
first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
• NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL ROSARIO - It contains the biographies of saints,
novenas, and questions and answers on religion
• LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTRIMERIAS DEL HOMBRE -First written
book in typography
• BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT- Biblical Story printed in the Philippines, First Tagalog
novel printed in the Philippines even though it is only a translation
• THE PASSION
• URBANA AT FELISA -Modesto de Castro- Father of Classical Prose in Tagalog Influenced greatly
the behavior of the people in the society
• ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (PSALAMS FOR MARY) Collection of songs praising the
Virgin Mary
• Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language) Translated to
Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610 & Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose
• Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog
Language)
Written by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin in 1703
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary) first Tagalog
dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Bueneventura in 1613.
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga vocabulary) the first
book written in Pampango written by Fr. Diego in 1732
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary) Best Visayan
language book Written by Mataeo Sanchez in 1711
• Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano Language) First
Ilocano grammar book by Francisco Lopez
• Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language) First book
in the Bicol Language by Fr. Marcos Libson in 1754
3 GOALS OF SPANIARDS
•Gold – accumulation of wealth
•Glory – is the supremacy of Spain over
Portugal as superpower and the most
important among the three.
•God- it aims to convert the natives to
Christian.
LITERARY FORMS
1.Religious Literature
-religious lyrics written by ladino poet
-Revolves around the life and the death of Jesus
Christ.
PASYON (PASSION)
• - -long narrative poen that about passion and death of Christ
• - it is about the passion (journey and suffering) and the death of Jesus Christ.

Example: “Ang Mahal na Passiom ni Jesu Christong Panginoon Natin na Tola”

SENAKULO
-it is the re-enactment of the Pasyon.
- Dramatization of pasyon, shows the passion (journey and
sufferings) and death of Christ
KOMEDYA

it depicts the European society through love and fame,

but can also be a narrative about a journey, just like Dante
Alighieri's Divine Comedy. It is also considered religous,
because it usually depicts the battle between the Christians
and the Saracens or the Moros
SECULAR OR NON- RELIGIOUS
LITERATURE
• -- Revolves around tales of valiance and adventure.

Forms of Literature
• Awit
• Korido
• Prose Narratives
AWIT
these are tales of chivalry where a knight saves a princess. Florante at
Laura is a good example.
- colorful tales of chilvary made from singing and chanting
KORIDO

- is a metrical tale or a tale that follows the structure of a poem.

PROSE NARRATIVES

are easy to understand instructional materials that in a literary light that teaches
Filipinos on proper decorum. Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at
Feliza (1864) is a good example
-written to prescribe proper decorum.
I. Dialogo III. Ejemplo
II. Manuel de Urbanidad IV.Tratado
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE

• These were in the forms of satires, editorials, and news articles that aimed to
attack the Spanish Rule.
• • The propaganda trinity is composed of Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and
Graciano Lopez Jaena
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

• Ang Fray Botod- One of his works written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, six
years after the Cavite Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines.
He exposed how some of the friars were greedy, ambitious and
immoral.
• LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar) and EVERYTING IS
HAMBUG (Everything is mere show)Here Jaena explains the
tragedy of marrying a Spaniard.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
• KAIINGAT KAYO (Be Careful)- a humorous and sarcastic dig in answer to Fr.
Jose Rodriquez in the novel NOLI of Rizal, published in Barcelona in 1888. He
used Dolores Manapat as pen-name here.
• DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes)- similar to a cathecism but
sarcastically done agains the parish priests, published in Barcelona in 1888.
Because of this, del Pilar was called “filibuster.” Done in admirable tone of
supplication and excellent use of Tagalog.
• ANG CADAQUILAAN NG DIOS (God’s Goodness)published in Barcelona, it
was also like a cathecism sarcastically aimed against the parish priests but also
contains a philosophy of the power and intelligence of God and an appreciation
for and love for nature.
DR. JOSE RIZAL

• NOLI ME TANGERE- his was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda movement and
paved the way to the revolution against Spain. In this book, he courageously exposed the evils
in the Spanish-run government in the Philippines.
REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE

• are exposes that sparked revolution and resistance in the hearts of Filipinos.
– Andres Bonifacio
– Emilio Jacinto
-Apolinario Mabini
Dr. Jose Riza
ANDRES BONIFACIO

• Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Obligations of our

Countrymen) – an outline of obligations just like the Ten
Commandments, hence, it is likewise called Ang Dekalogo.
• Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog (What the Tagalogs should
Know) – an essay outlining the basic tenets of Bonifacio’s ideas on
nationalism.
EMILIO JACINTO

• Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness) – a collection of

essays on different subjects like freedom, work, faith, government
and love of country.
APOLINARIO MABINI

• El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina (The Rise and Fall of the Philippine Republic) – this
essay highlights the establishment of the Philippine republic and its subsequent doom due to
disunity among the Filipinos
DR. JOSE RIZAL

• El Filibusterismo– This is a sequel to the NOLI. While the NOLI exposed the evils in
society, the FILI exposed those in the government and in the church. However, the NOLI has
been dubbed the novel of society while that of FILI is that of politics.
PUBLICATIONS
• El Heraldo de la Revolucion (Herald of the Revolution) –
printed the decrees of the Revolutionary Government, news and
works in Tagalog that aroused nationalism. This is the Official
Newspaper of the Revolutionary Government of Aguinaldo.
• La Independencia (Independence) – an independent
newspaper founded and edited by General Antonio Luna.
• La Republica Filipina (The Philippine Republic) – a private
newspaper edited by Pedro Paterno.
• La Libertad (Liberty) – another private newspaper edited by
Clemente Zulueta.