MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
GAURAV DR. SEEMA MEHRA
ROLL NO. -2149
 TOPIC
WEIERSTRASS’ M-TEST & ITS EXAMPLES
THEOREM:
WEIERSTRASS’ M-TEST

A series of function Σfn will converge uniformly on [a,b]

if there exit a convergent series ΣMn of positive no.
such that for all xє [a,b]
│fn(x)│≤ Mn for all n
Proof:
Let Є>0 be given IF σ∞
𝒏=𝟏 𝑴n
is convergent, then there exit a
positive integer m such that │Mn+1 + Mn+2 + . . . + Mn+n│ <Є for all n≥m,
p≥1

{Every convergent sequence is Cauchy sequence & using Cauchy criteria}

therefore for all x Є [a,b] & for all n≥m , p≥1, we have

│fn+1(x) + fn+2(x) + . . . + fn+p(x)│≤│fn+1(x)│+│fn+2(x)│+. . .│fn+p(x)│

≤ Mn+1 + Mn+2 + . . .+ Mn+p
< Є for all n≥m, p≥1 & x є[a,b]
this implies, the series is uniformly converges on [a,b] since
│fn+1(x) + fn+2(x) + . . . + fn+p(x)│< Є, for all n≥m, p>1 & xє[a,b]
the series is also absolutely convergent on [a,b].
Remark: The converse of above theorem is not
true i.e., the non convergence of Σ𝑀𝑛 does
not implies anythimg as far as Σfn is
concerned.
Examples to show the series is uniformly convergent by using
Weierstrass M-Test.
𝑥
Ex. Show that ∞
σ𝑛=1 2
𝑛(1+𝑛𝑥 )
, x є R uniformly convergent by Weierstrass ‘ M-
Test.
Solution: fn (x) = n(1+nx2 )

𝑛 1+𝑛𝑥 2 1−𝑥.2𝑛2 𝑥 𝑛+𝑛2 𝑥−2𝑛2 𝑥² (1−𝑛𝑥2)

fn’(x) = (𝑛 1+𝑛𝑥 2 )²
= (𝑛 1+𝑛𝑥 2 )²
+ 𝑛(1+𝑛𝑥 2 )²

fn’(x) = 0
⇒ 1-nx² = 0 ⇒ nx² = 1 ⇒ x²=1/n ⇒ x= ±1/√ 𝑛

Now, derivate fn(x) again,

2
𝑛 1+𝑛𝑥 2 −2𝑛𝑥 − 1−𝑛𝑥 2 2𝑛(1+𝑛𝑥 2 )(2𝑛𝑥)
 2𝑛𝑥 2 1+𝑛𝑥 2 −1−𝑛𝑥 2 −2+2𝑛𝑥 2 .4
 = 𝑛²(1+𝑛𝑥 2 )

=
2𝑥(𝑛𝑥²−3)

1+𝑛𝑥²)³

 At x= 1/√ n
𝑛
2 /√ 𝑛( −3) 2/√ 𝑛(−2)
 fn‘’(x) = 𝑛
1+𝑛/𝑛)³
= (2)³
= -4/8√ n = -1/2√ n < 0

At x = -1/√ n
𝑛
−2/√ 𝑛(𝑛−3)
fn‘’(x) = 𝑛
(1+ )
= 1/2√ n > 0
𝑛

So fn(x) has a maximum value at x= 1/√ n=& the maximum value

is
𝑥 1/√ 𝑛 𝟏/√ 𝒏 𝟏
fn(x) = = = =
 1
 Since the series Σ 3 is convergent since 3/2=p> 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
2𝑛2
∞ 𝑥
by Weierstrass M-Test σ𝑛=1 2 𝑛 is uniformly
(1+𝑛𝑥 )
convergent for all x.