B INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING

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SYSTEM (IBS)
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KOHOT 10
 Conventional construction vs IBS System
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 Advantages and disadvantages of IBS System

 What types of IBS?

 What is IBS?

 IBS installation

 Case Studies/example (2 CASE STUDIES)

 How IBS produced?

 How IBS transported?

 Issues in IBS

 Steel framing

 Interlocking System
 CONVENTIONAL METHOD VS IBS SYSTEM
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IBS METHOD FEATURE CONVENTIONAL METHOD

Duration shoter than conventional method USUALLY TAKING 1-2 YEARS TO

TIME USED FOR COMPLETION OF
because the component produce in COMPLETE,DEPENDING TO THE
PROJECT
factory SCALE OF THE PROJECT

CHEAP BECAUSE THE COMPONENT ARE LARGER AMOUNT NEEDED AS

PRODUCED IN FACTORY COSTING COST FOR MAKING
FORMWORK

ALL WORK IS DONE BY USING MACHINE THIS METHOD NEED MANY

AND ONLY NEED FEW WORKER THAT REDUCE LABOUR WORKER LABOUR WORKER DUE TO ALL
PROFESSIONAL WORK ARE DONE MANUALLY

DECREASE THE USING OF TIMBER ON LESS-ENVIRONMENTAL

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY FRIENDLY DUE TO HIGH
AMOUNT OF TIMBER
 CONVENTIONAL METHOD VS IBS SYSTEM
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IBS METHOD FEATURE CONVENTIONAL METHOD

AN IBS COMPONENT HAVE HIGHER GOOD QUALITY BUT THE RATE

QUALITY DUE TO CAREFUL SELECTION OF FINISHES WOULD
QUALITY OF PROJECT
OF MATERIALS AND USE OF ADVANCE AFFECTED WITH THE WEATHER
TECHNOLOGY CONDITION AND DEPAND
LABOUR

LARGE WORKING AREA NEEDED,FOR OPTIMUM WORKING AREA

TRANSFER AND STORAGE OF IBS SIZE OF THE WORKING AREA NEEDED DUE TO
COMPONENT CONSTRUCTION DONE PHASE
BY PHASE

LEAKAGE IS OFTEN THE MAJOR THIS METHOD DOES NOT USE

PROBLEM IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTED JOINTING WHERE THE
USING IBS.THIS PROBLEM IS OBVIOUS IN PROBLEMS OF JOINTS STRUCTURE BUILD MANUALLY
MALAYSIA WHERE RAINING RAPIDLY AND LESS LEAKING PROBLEM
OCCUR THROUGHT OUT YEAR OCCUR
 ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIALISED
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BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)
Less construction time
• IBS requires less construction time because casting of precast element at
factoryand foundation work at site can occur simultaneously and the work at site is
onlythe erection of IBS components. This leads to earlier occupation of the
building.

Cost savings
• The formwork of IBS components are made of steel, aluminium or other
materials that allows for repetitive use and this leads to considerable cost savings.

Saving in labour
• When the IBS components are produced in factory, higher degree of utilisation
of machine is permitted and the use of labour will be reduced and lead to saving
inlabour cost

Less labour at site

• The use of IBS will reduce the construction process at site and consequently
reducethe number of labour required at site.
 Optimized use of material
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• The utilisation of machine during the production of IBS components lead to higher degree of precision and
accuracy in the production and consequently reduce material wastage.

Higher quality and better finishes

• An IBS component have higher quality and better finishes due to the careful selection of materials, use of
advanced technology, better and strict quality assurance control since production in factory is under sheltered
environment.

Construction operation less affected by weather

• Faster project completion due to rapid all weather construction. The effects of weather on construction
operation are less due to the fabrication of IBS components is done in factory while at site is only erection of
the components.

flexibility
• IBS provides flexibility in the design of precast element so that different systems may produce their own unique
prefabrication construction methods.

Increase site safety and neatness

• Utilisation of IBS components leads to less construction process especially wetwork at site. This will lead to the
neater site condition and increase safety.

Environmental friendly
• The use of IBS will decrease the using of timber formwork on construction projects
 z
DISADVANTAGES OF IBS
Nothing in this world is perfect, so as industrialised building system. Disadvantages of IBS are as follows:

High initial capital cost

• The initial capital cost of IBS is usually high. The initial cost including the cost of constructing the factory, casting
beds and support machinery. The cost effectivenesscan only be achieved when undertaking large projects.

Problem of joints
• Water leakage is often the major problem in building constructed using IBS. This problem is more obvious in
Malaysia where raining occur rapidly through out the year.

Sophisticated plants and skilled operators

• The prefabrication system relies heavily on sophisticated plants, which have to bewell coordinated and
maintained by skilled operators. Breakdown in any one sectionwould hold-up the entire production line.

Site accessibility
• Site accessibility is one of the most important factors of the implementation of IBS.IBS requires adequate site
accessibility to transport IBS components from factory to the site.

Large working area

• Building construction using IBS requires a large working area for the factory,trailers, tower-cranes and storage
for the IBS components. Besides, most construction sites especially in cities are often congested and unable to
provide the area required
 WHAT IS IBS
z A construction technique in which components are
manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site),
transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with
minimal additional site works.
 z HISTORY OF IBS

KLCC LRT STATION EIFFEL TOWER PARIS

z
VIDEO
 Typical classification of ibs

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There are various Industrialised Building
Systems (IBS) used throughout the world, and
they can be classified into three major
categories. According to Junid (1986), the
typical classifications are as follows: Typical
classification of IBS Frame or post and beam
system Box systemPanel system
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z
 z

FRAME SYSTEM

-Frame structures may be defined as those structures that carry the

loads through their beams and girders to column and to the

ground.

-Their important feature is the capacity to transfer heavy loads over

large spans.

-Used in the construction of bridges, parking lots, warehouses,

industrial buildings, sport facilities and so on.

 z

PANEL SYSTEM

-Panel system may be defined as those structures that carry the

load through large floor and wall panels.

- Concrete panel systems are extensively used in Europe for high

rise building for ease of construction purpose.

- Used in Hollow core slabs, Interior & Exterior Wall.

 z

BOX SYSTEM

- Box system may be defined as those systems that use 3D modules (or boxes) for
fabrication of habitat units.

- The main features of this system are in the internal stability as it

can withstand load from various directions.

- Require only large prefabricated sections to be transported or

handled at one time.

z
Types of ibs
1. pre cast concrete framing, panel and box system

E.g : pre-cast column, beam, slabs, staircase and toilet

 z

2. STEEL FORMWORK SYSTEM

E.g : Tunnel formwork, beam, column and slab moulding form.

Steel formwork system for every size and shape of ground plan, in practical dimension and
equipped with different features to make shuttering more efficient.
 z
3. Steel framing system
E.g : Steel beam, columns, portal frames, roof trusses

 System designed for a fast construction

 Light frame decreases the costs of primary frame

 Possibility of cutting the components on site enables to factor in the inaccuracy of primary
frame
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4. PREFABRICATE TIMBER FRAME
SYSTEM
Eg : Timber frame, timber roof trusses
 Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a
factory.
 These completed frame will be lifted into place by a crane and bolted
together
 z
5. BLOCKWORK SYSTEMS
Eg : Interlocking concrete masonry unit (CMU), lightweight concrete blocks

 Available in a variety of densities to suit different applications

 Made up of cement, aggregate, water and admixture

 Or Pre- Fabricated

Installation of IBS
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z
The construction methods are generally
classified into 4 categories.

 Conventional construction method

 Components prefabricated on site through timber/plywood
formwork installation.( more cost)
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 Cast-in-situ ( non- conventional )
 It is applicable to to all types of building. Etc: steel,fibre glass/aluminium
formwork act as mould and wet concrete to replace traditional timber
framed, formwork( less cost, speedy const.)

 Composite method( non-conventional)

 Components of the building are partially prefabricated. ( quality improve)

 Fully fabricated ( non-conventional)

 All elements are fully made at the factory (high cost) .
z
Process of Installation
BBB20403 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGI 1

CASE STUDY OF
z
INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING
Miza Raimi Binti Mohd Saf’a (DB180169)
Nur Amira Shafiqah Binti Azhar (DB180195)
Nur Amshahiera Binti Mazlan (DB180189)
Dr. Lutfiah Natrah Bt Abbas @ Ahmad
 #CASESTUDY1
Barriers to Implementation of the
Industrialised Building System
(IBS) in Malaysia

C O N T E NzT S #CASESTUDY2
Risk factors affecting practitioners’
attitudes toward the
implementation of an industrialized
building system in China
BBB20403 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGI 1

CASE STUDY
1
z
Barriers to Implementation of the Industrialised
BuildingSystem (IBS) in Malaysia
 ABSTRACT
Malaysia, like any other developing country, considers the construction
industry as one the main contributors to its
Gross Domestic
z Product (GDP). However, there are unresolved issues arising
from the ongoing and widespread adoption of the traditional method of
construction.

This paper discusses the identified barriers with the aim of examining how
far these barriers may well affect the process of IBS implementation in the
Malaysian construction industry.
INTRODUCTION

There is no short of the increasing

demand for construction. This is
due to a greater part, on the
increase of population and
improvement z in the quality of life
of the populace. This demand will
be made more acute if the
following factors were to take into
consideration
 Factors That Must Take Into Consideration

the increase in number of

the rebuilding of damaged
foreign migrants (especially
forming thezworkforce); 1 3 buildings due to natural disasters

the demolition of illegal squatter

the dilapidated stocks that
need to be replaced
2 4
units and the ensuing construction
of affordable residential units to
resettle the squatters
IBS IN MALAYSIA
The 17-storey flats along Jalan Pekeliling, Kuala Lumpur in the
early 1960s. Sperheaded by Gammon/Larsen Nielsen who used a
Danish system of large pre-fabricated panels for this project (CIDB,
2003).

A housing project comprising 6 blocks of 17 storey-flat, and 3 blocks

of 18 storey-flat at Jalan Rifle Range, Penang. Constructed by
z Hochtief/ Chee Seng adopting the French Estoit System (Din, 1984

Taman Tun Sardon Housing project in Penang. IBS pre-cast

components and building system were used in the project which was
designed by the British Research Establishment (BRE) in 1978 for low
cost housing in tropical countries.
A number of full and hybrid IBS construction successful landmark
projects can be found throughout Malaysia in the past ten years.
Examples are the Bukit Jalil Sports Complex; Lightweight Railway
Train (LRT) terminals; the Petronas Twin Tower; and Stormwater
Management and Road Tunnel (SMARTTunnel).
 The Barriers To The IBS Implementation In Malaysia

cost and finance

skills and knowledge

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project delivery and supply chain

perception of clients and professionals

lack of government incentives, directives and promotion

BBB20403 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGI 1

CASE STUDY
2
z
Risk factors affecting practitioners’ attitudes toward
the implementation of an industrialized building
system in China
BBB20403 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGI 1

INTRODUCTION
An industrialized building system (IBS) is regarded as an effective
residential building system that provides several benefits, including high
quality,zlow cost, short time, good flexibility, reduced waste, and strong
environmental performance. However, the adoption of IBS in China is
extremely limited. Potential risks exist and affect the attitudes of
practitioners toward the use of this system. The purpose of this case
study is to prioritize and analyze these risks and to develop
corresponding strategies for mitigating these risks in China.
RISK ANALYSIS
The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with the project managers
working on these cases to investigate the risks they encountered in the
process of implementing these projects.

Economic
z
risk E O On-site management
risk

Market risk
M T Technical risk
STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE RISKS
These strategies are considered to be applicable to manage the risks encountered in
the process of implementing industrialized building practices. Project stakeholders
must exert significant effort to adopt adequate measures for reducing risks during the
process of implementing IBS

1. EFFECTIVE POLICIES AND

z REGULATIONS BY THE GOVERNMENT

2. TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR

OWNER/CONTRACTOR/DESIGNER
 z
Introduction of IBS Formwork System

Formworks are one of the most important

temporary works for construction of
reinforced concrete superstructure in
building projects.

Moulds used to retain the shape, size and

position of wet concrete as it sets.

Considered as the “least prefabrication” IBS

types as formworks still require site casting.

Examples are tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beam and

columns moulding forms and permanent steel formworks
like metal decks.

Materials: Steel, aluminium, fiber-reinforced plastic and etc.

 Work phases
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ProjectCause Planning Phase Forming Phase Concreting Phase

• New construction • 2D/3D planning • Erecting the formwork • Providing/distributing

• Maintenance/repair • Defining the formwork • Adjusting the formwork of concrete
• Maintenance/ system • Moving the formwork • Inserting of concrete
refurbishment • Defining the formlining • Dismantling the • Compressing of
• Defining the formwork concrete
construction sequence • Curing of concrete
• Creating the logistics
concept
 Steel formwork consists of panels fabricated out of thin
steel plates stiffened along the edges by small steel
angle. The panel is held together by using suitable clamps
or bolts and nuts.

1. Reinforcement bars are being tied and spacers are

attached to ensure the rebars are not exposed.
2. Before concreting, the steel panels must be oiled and
assembled with rebars passing horizontally through it.
3. Steel panels are aligned well before inserting the bolts
and nuts. The panel must be aligned and locked well
to prevent leakage when concreting.

Manufacture
Assembly
4. Pouring of concrete.

Manufacture & Assembly

5. Struts are used as additional support so that panels will not fall easily.

6. Dismantling of steel formwork. Extra rebar are cut by hand-held cutter.

https://youtu.be/2sO2G
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p_ctco
z

How IBS Transport ??

 HOW TO TRANSPORTED ?

From factory Transport to Site construction Install component

decide appropriate weight crane to carry and erect the non-volumetric
component and the volumetric structure

safety and proper erection is important to ensure the component is not defect
and require high precision during the installation process

Apart from the effective distance to transport the component to the site, it is
also important to have the component in partial size where it can be ‘plug and
play’ to become large scale structure
 Reason of transportation delay

• Shortage In Raw Materials • Supply Delay • Bad Weather

 z Issues of IBS
1. IBS is a mass of contruction method

I. These buildings are normally associated with pre-fabricated mass construction method,
low quality buildings, leakages, abandoned projects, unpleasant architectural
appearances and other drawbacks.
II. the design was very basic and not considering the aspect of serviceability such as the
need for wet toilets and bathrooms.
III. Lacking in this design consideration leads to problems of leakage that becomes the
common issue with precast buildings.
IV. in many cases the low cost housings are not maintained properly, thus contributing
further to the poor image of IBS buildings.
2. Lack of involvement from small contractors
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I. Small contractors lack financial backup and are not able to set up their own
manufacturing plants as it involves very intensive capital investment.
II. Many small contractors continue using the conventional method of construction. This is
due to the fact that small contractors are already familiar with the conventional system
III. And, the technology suit well with small scale projects and therefore not willing to switch
to mechanized based system

3. Lack of knowlegde and exposure to ibs technology

I. Improper assembly of the components

II. Lack of knowledge capability in designing
STEEL FRAMING
SYSTEMS
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STEEL FRAME SYSTEM
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 Frame structures may be defined as those

structures that carry the loads through their
beams to column and to the ground
 Their important feature is the capacity to transfer
heavy loads over large spans.
 Used in the construction of bridges, parking lots,
warehouses, industrial buildings, sport facilities
and so on.
z STEEL BEAM &
COLUMNS
z
STEEL PORTAL FRAMES
z

STEEL ROOF TRUSSES

z
VIDEO INSTALLATION STEEL
FRAMING SYSTEMS
z
VIDEO INSTALLATION STEEL
FRAMING SYSTEMS
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INTERLOCKIN IBS is a building construction system using ready-made

components in factories such as walls, poles, floors

G
and trusses before being shipped to the construction
site for installation.

BRICKS The system has been used about a century ago in the
Americas and Europe with the introduction of pre-

SYSTEM
installed installations.

IBS has gained international recognition and the block

of IBS is more time-consuming and costly than ordinary
bricks.

IBS offers cooler, air-conditioned, heat-resistant,

soundproof, 1-2-month complete construction & most
importantly 40% SAVE.
z
 z

ADVANTAGES Improve construction quality and productivity

of using
Interlocking Diversify design Accelerate construction time
Brick System
Light & strong from normal brick

Reduce reliance on foreign workers

Reduce up to 30% of project cost

More cool
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SAVINGS laborers (fast work ready)

less wastage

less use of sand & cement

The conduit pipe installation work

is carried out simultaneously while
making bricks
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Disadvantages of
using Interlocking Hard brick
Brick System

Expensive brick from

normal brick

Skilled labour required