INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY OF A HUMAN Mario Meynard I.

Mutia

PERSON Teacher II, SHS

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom"[1][2][3][4]) is
the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[5][6] The term was probably coined by
Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical
discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation.[7][8] Classic philosophical
questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it?[9][10][11] What is most
real? Philosophers also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a
best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)?[12] Do
humans have free will?[13]
Historically, "philosophy" encompassed any body of knowledge.[14] From the time of
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy"
encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics.
Philosophers are the one who are engaged in doing Philosophy. They are called lovers
of wisdom.
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
1. Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher and the
eponymous founder of the Pythagoreanism movement. His political and religious teachings
were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and,
through them, Western philosophy. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend, but he appears
to have been the son of Mnesarchus, a seal engraver on the island of Samos.
2. Heraclitus of Ephesus (/ˌhɛrəˈklaɪtəs/;[1] Greek: Ἡράκλειτος ὁ Ἐφέσιος, translit.
Hērákleitos ho Ephésios; c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and a
native of the city of Ephesus,[2] then part of the Persian Empire. He was of distinguished
parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-
taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the
apparently riddled[3] and allegedly paradoxical[4] nature of his philosophy and his stress
upon the heedless unconsciousness of humankind,[5] he was called "The Obscure" and the
"Weeping Philosopher".
 NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
3. Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c.460 — c.370 BC) was an
Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.[3]
4. Diogenes (/daɪˈɒdʒəˌniːz/; Greek: Διογένης, Diogenēs [di.oɡénɛ͜ɛs]), also known as Diogenes the Cynic (Ancient Greek:
Διογένης ὁ Κυνικός, Diogenēs ho Kynikos), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. He was born
in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea,[1] in 412 or 404 BC and died at Corinth in 323 BC.[2]
Diogenes was a controversial figure. His father minted coins for a living, and Diogenes was banished from Sinope when he took
to debasement of currency.[1] After being exiled, he moved to Athens and criticized many cultural conventions of the city. He
modeled himself on the example of Heracles, and believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory. He used his
simple life-style and behaviour to criticize the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt, confused society. He
had a reputation for sleeping and eating wherever he chose in a highly non-traditional fashion, and took to toughening himself
against nature. He declared himself a cosmopolitan and a citizen of the world rather than claiming allegiance to just one place.
There are many tales about his dogging Antisthenes' footsteps and becoming his "faithful hound".[3]
Diogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and often slept in a large ceramic jar in the marketplace.[4] He
became notorious for his philosophical stunts, such as carrying a lamp during the day, claiming to be looking for an honest man.
He criticized Plato, disputed his interpretation of Socrates, and sabotaged his lectures, sometimes distracting attenders by
bringing food and eating during the discussions. Diogenes was also noted for having mocked Alexander the Great, both in
public and to his face when he visited Corinth in 336.[5][6][7]
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
5. Epicurus[a] (341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded a highly influential school
of philosophy now called Epicureanism. He was born on the Greek island of Samos to Athenian parents.
Influenced by Democritus, Aristotle, and possibly the Cynics, he turned against the Platonism of his day
and established his own school, known as "the Garden", in Athens. He and his followers were known for
eating simple meals and discussing a wide range of philosophical subjects, and he openly allowed
women to join the school as a matter of policy. For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the
happy, tranquil life, characterized by ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear— and aponia—the
absence of pain— and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends.
6. Socrates (/ˈsɒkrətiːz/;[2] Ancient Greek: Σωκρᾰ́της, translit. Sōkrátēs, [sɔːkrátɛːs]; c. 470 – 399
BC)[3][4] was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western
philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher,[5][6] of the Western ethical tradition of
thought.[7][8][9] An enigmatic figure, he made no writings, and is known chiefly through the accounts of
classical writers writing after his lifetime, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. Plato's dialogues
are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity, though it is unclear the
degree to which Socrates himself is "hidden behind his 'best disciple'".[12] Through his portrayal in
Plato's dialogues, Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the fields of ethics and
epistemology. It is this Platonic Socrates who lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the
Socratic method, or elenchus.
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
7. Plato (/ˈpleɪtoʊ/;[a][1] Greek: Πλάτων[a] Plátōn, pronounced [plá.tɔːn] in Classical Attic;
428/427 or 424/423[b] – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the
founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
He is widely considered the pivotal figure in the development of Western philosophy.[2] Unlike
nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire work is believed to have survived
intact for over 2,400 years.[3]
Along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato laid the
foundations of Western philosophy and science.[4] Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the
safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a
series of footnotes to Plato."[5] In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science,
philosophy, and mathematics, Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of
Western religion and spirituality.[6]
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
8. Aristotle (/ˈærɪˌstɒtəl/;[3] Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC)[n
1] was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of
Classical Greece. Along with Plato, he is considered the "Father of Western Philosophy". Aristotle
provided a complex and harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him, including
those of Socrates and Plato, and it was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its
fundamental intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy
has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be
central to the contemporary philosophical discussion.
Little is known about his life. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought
up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and
remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC).[4] His writings cover many subjects – including
physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric,
psychology, linguistics, economics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system
of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of
Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.[5] Teaching Alexander gave Aristotle
many opportunities. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his
hundreds of books, which were papyrus scrolls. The fact that Aristotle was a pupil of Plato contributed to
his former views of Platonism, but, following Plato's death, Aristotle immersed himself in empirical studies
and shifted from Platonism to empiricism.[6] He believed all concepts and knowledge were ultimately
based on perception. Aristotle's views on natural sciences represent the groundwork underlying many of
his works.
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS

ARISTOTLE PLATO SOCRATES EPICURUS

DEMOCRITUS DIOGENES OF HERACLITUS

PYTHAGORAS
SINOPE
WHY IS THERE A NEED TO PHILOSOPHIZE?
1. Sense of Wonder – Curiosity (Plato)
2. Doubt – rejecting or questioning ideas (Rene
Descartes)
3. Experience – Limit situations ( Karl Jaspers)
4. Love of Wisdom – Insatiable desire for truth
(Socrates)
HOLISTIC THINKING VS PARTIAL THINKING
Holistic Thinking – refers to a perspective that considers large
scale patterns in systems, and often describe as looking at the
“Big Picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or
problem.

Partial thinking – focuses on the aspects of situation. The

partial view is an important component of analytical thinking
as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a
problem in order to understand it.
REFLECTION

Reflection requires a person to be

willing to examine one thoughts,
feelings, and action and to learn more
about one’s life and experiences. One
can reflect almost on any subject.
WRITTEN WORKS 1:THINK
Engage in reflections on the following situations. List down
simple, serious, and deep questions you would ask
yourself in these situations.
1. You go to Island Choice and the waiters hands you a
menu. You are deciding which dish to order.
2. You and your friends decisding to do a “fun” thing to do
while at mall.
3. You open your wallet and saw a 500 peso bill in it.
PERFORMANCE TASK 1:
Write an Essay about the following topic:
1. How can philosophy help you succeed as a student?
2. How can philosophy help you become a productive
individual.
Write essay provided in our classroom link or link provided
below:
Bugnay – PerfTask1 Lomboy -
Inyam - Kasoy -
METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING Mario Meynard I. Mutia
LETS PONDER
Which of the following statements are true?
1. The sun is the centre of the solar system.
2. Boracay is the most beautiful island in the world.
3. God made the world in seven days.
4. Man has right to life, freedom and pursuit of happiness.
5. A person must always consider the happiness of his or her family before her own
happiness.
6. citizens have the right to take arms and overthrow an oppressive government
7. Pres. Duterte is murderer.
WHAT IS TRUTH AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Before discussing truth, let us clarify KNOWLEDGE.

Knowledge is the clear awareness of

and understanding something.
It is the product of questions that allow for clear
answers provided by facts. Our knowledge is
comprised of ideas and beliefs that we know to
be TRUE.
EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE
Answer the following:
I know that …
I know why …
I know how …
For example if we say that “I know that fish lives in the
water” because we know fish do live in a water. This is
what we know and observable or evident in the real
world, and these proposition or statements are known as
FACTS.

If we say “Our school is the best school in Sebaste”, these

are not evidently known to be true, and it is known as
CLAIM. Further examination is required to establish
whether it is true or false.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Let us start by stating the very obvious things we know about ourselves.

I am alive.
I have a body.
I can breath.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Let us apply doubt.

I am alive?
I have a body?
I can breath?
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
If you have answered yes to all of the doubtful questions, we can now say:

I am alive!
I have a body!
I can breath!
 This is one perspective on
truth – That a belief is
true if it can be justified
or proven through the use
of one’s sense.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Now let us tackle another statement.

I am a Filipino.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Now let us apply systematic doubt.

Am I a Filipino?
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Lets have some research…
Filipino (NOUN)
Filipinos (plural noun) · Pilipino (noun) · Pilipinos (plural
noun)
1. a native of the Philippine Islands
2. nationality or a Citizen of the Republic of the
Philippines,
3. the national language of the Philippines , a
standardized form of Tagalog.
WHICH OF THOSE APPLY TO YOU?

This is another basis for

determining truth: a belief or
statement is true if it is based on
facts.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Finally, let us explore the following statements about what
you can do.

I can play basketball.

I can fry an egg.
I understand the lesson.
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS TRUE?
Now let us apply systematic doubt.
Can I play basketball?
Can I fry an egg?
Do I understand the lesson?
WHICH OF THOSE THING YOU CAN DO?
Determining truth in this case
requires a person to prove a
statement through an action.
WRITTEN TASK 2
Apply systematic doubt in the analysing the following
statements. Describe how you will determine their
truthfulness.
1. Our classroom is clean and tidy.
2. Our school is big.
3. I am a good student.
4. We live in a safe community.
HOW CAN PHILOSOPHY GUIDE US IN
DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM OPINION?
Lets try this activity:
1. it takes me 30 minutes to walk from my home to school.
2. Living near the school is better because we don’t have to spend much for
transportation.
3. my sister ate the last piece of pizza pie.
4. the policeman firmly pushed the suspect to his knee and placed him handcuffs.
5. my sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece of pizza pie and did
not share it with me.
6. the aggressive manner by which policeman arrested the suspect is an example of
the brutality that characterize the police force.
HOW CAN PHILOSOPHY GUIDE US IN
DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM OPINION?
Lets try this activity:
1. it takes me 30 minutes to walk from my home to school. FACT
2. Living near the school is better because we don’t have to spend much for transportation.OPINION
3. my sister ate the last piece of pizza pie. FACT
4. my sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece of pizza pie and did not share it
with me. OPINION
5. the policeman firmly pushed the suspect to his knee and placed him handcuffs. FACT
6. the aggressive manner by which policeman arrested the suspect is an example of the
brutality that characterize the police force. OPINION
Facts – contains ideas or information that are easily verifiable
Opinions – statements go beyond providing facts, provides
conclusions or perspectives regarding certain situations. These also
provides bases for making arguments and convincing people that a
certain claim is a fact.
Conclusion – judgement based on certain facts.
Beliefs – statements that expresses conviction that are not easily
and clearly explained by facts.
Explanations – statemments that assume the claime to be true and
provide reasons why the statement is true.
Arguments – series of statements that provides reasons to convince
the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2: FALLACY AND BIASES
List at least 5 fallacy you have encountered

List at least 5 biases you have encountered

THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN Mario Meynard I. Mutia
EMBODIED SPIRIT
HELLO, WE ARE HUMANS OF THE EARTH

Describe humans to alien.

 TERMS RELATED TO HUMAN PERSON
Man – general term used to refer to entire human race.
Human – refers to man as a species Homo Sapiens or modern human
beings
Human being - is a term used to distinguish man from other animals.
Person – much complex term which generally refers to a human being
granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities and above
all, dignity.
Personhood – refers to the state of being as person.
Human Nature refers to the characteristics that distinguish humans from all
other creatures.
WHAT IS A HUMAN PERSON?
The most basic definition of a human being
relates to the nature of humans as animals.
Philosophers however, believe that the human
being is just not mere an animal. There is
something in the human individual that sets him
or her apart from other beings. These special
traits makes a human a distinct individual
person.
Self awareness – refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including
his or her thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions.
Rationality – drives human person into deeper awareness. (Human thoughts)
Self – described by philosophers as the person actively aware that he or she is
perceiving reality.
Interiority – quality of being focused on ones inner life or identity
Self determination – capability of a person to make choices and decisions based on
their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal oriented and
self directed.
Free will – enable us to do actions whenever we want to and make self
determinations. Is is the capacity to choose an action from various alternatives.
Consequence-result or effect of an actions and conditions.
Morality – the goodness or the badness of an act.
Externality – the capability to reach out and interact with others and the world.
Dignity – the innate right to be valued and respected.
WRITTEN WORKS
How will you uphold dignity of the human person in
the following situations?
1. Your classmates are teasing your cross-eyed
classmates because they find her funny looking.
2. Your friend confided in you that his girlfriend told
him she was pregnant. He is asking your advice on
what to do.
TRANSCENDENCE
- existence or experience beyond the normal or
physical level.
- the ability to surpass limits.
Our mind is an important tool that allow us to go
beyond many of our physical limits. As a person we
are able to exercise our own imagination and
reflection to go beyond our thoughts and
experiences.
PERFORMANCE TASK 3
Explore your abilities and limitations. Write down the skills and abilities that define
you as a person. In the I cannot column, list down the thinsg you have tried to do but
could not because of your personal limitations.
I CAN I CANNOT
THE HUMAN PERSON IN THE Mario Meynard I. Mutia
ENVIRONMENT
Written Work 1

Describe what you see. Would you like to visit this place? What will you do when you
go to this place?
Written Work 1

Describe what you see. Do you see yourself staying near this picture? Do you
imagine yourself doing the same things you imagine doing in the first picture?
HOW DOES PHILOS0PHY DEFINES THE PERSON’S
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?
Environmental Philosophy or
Environment Ethics- discipline in the
philosophy that studies the moral
relationship of human beings with the
environment and its non-human
contents.
 THREE MAJOR VIEWS REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN HUMANITY AND ENVIRONMENT
1. Anthropocentrism – focuses on the significant role of humankind in the world and
considers nature as the means by which humans are able to meet their needs and
survive.
This view believes that humans are the most important species on the planet and
they are free to transform nature and use it resources.
2. Biocentrism – believes that humans are not the only significant species on the
planet, and that all organisms have inherent value and should be protected.
This view drives the activities of humane organziations that advocate ethical
treatment of animals.
3. Ecocentrism – places a great value on ecosystems and biological communities.
This view believes the humankind is part of greater biological system or community
and we have significant role as stewards or guardians of nature
Environmental Aesthetics –
philosophical view that believes in
the maintaining order in the
environment will bring out the
natural beauty of the surroundings
and contribute to the well-being of
the people and other organisms
living in it.
PERFORMANCE TASK 1
Form groups of five members each. Research
on a specific environment problem happening
in our country. Analyze it using any of the
major philosophical view. Prepare your answer
on a PowerPoint Presentation and save it on
the folder designated in our GOOGLE
CLASSROOM.
HOW CAN HUMANITY ADDRESS THE DAMAGE
INFLICTED ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
Environmentalism – perspective that advocates to
address the growing environmental problems.
Environmental Ethics – important philosophical
view on environmentalism, a moral approach that
analyzes the relationship between humans and the
environment. It also discusses environmental
problems caused by human activities and social
issues that impact the environment.
 WRITTEN WORK 2
Analyze the following situations and determine which of them show the right of moral choice with
regard to the environment.
1. A mining corporation decided to save costs and did not construct an effective storing facility for
mining waste. The improperly stored waste leaked and polluted the nearby river, poisoned marine life,
and caused people in the nearby village to get sick.
2. A businessman bought a large piece of farmland and decided to convert it into subdivision. During
Construction hundreds of trees where uprooted and streams were covered with cement.
3. Local official led a campaign to set aside several hectares of forested land in thier city as
watershed area. This area was declared off limits to loggers and miners
4. An animal shelter partnered with local government to conduct free vaccination drivers for pets. The
shelter also coordinates with local police to address cases involving animal cruelty.
 WHAT CAN I DO TO UPHOLD ENVIRONMENTALISM
AND CARE FOR NATURE?
Sustainability or Sustainable Development – this concept focuses on reconciling
human activities and economic development with the protection of the
environment.
It relies on three important principles:
Environmental Integrity – refers to maintainining the state of the environment.
Economic Effeciency – refers to Prudence in decision making regarding the use
of the resources to ensure there is minimum to zero waste.
Equity – demands we use our natural resources in such a manner that these
are conserved so that the next generation will be able to use them.
 The values of prudence and
frugality can guide us in our own
personal use of resources.
PRUDENCE – ability to regulate
ones action and beahviour
FRUGALITY – is being thrifty with
the use of one’s recources.
FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON Mario Meynard I. Mutia
WHAT IS FREEDOM? WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF
FREEDOM?
Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property
of the person. This means that the human
person by nature is a free being and it is in his
or her nature to seek freedom. An important
indication of human freedom is the ability to
make choices and perform actions. Our
freedom to act sets us apart from other beings.
Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self
determination and exercise of intellect and freewill.
This means that every action is freely determined
and their actions define him or her. We can freely
chose to be a good person and to act in a good
way. A good act makes a person better while its
opposite has a negative impact on him or her as a
person.
This is the nature of self determination: that a
person’s actions determine what kind of person he or
she becomes.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2
ENCODE YOUR ANSWER IN MS WORD AND UPLOAD TO YOUR
DESIGNATED FOLDER
WHAT MAKES US FREE? HOW DOES FREEDOM
SHAPE OUR EXPERIENCE?
There are two elements that defines freedom.
1. Voluntariness –ability of a person to act out
of his or her own free will and self
determination.
2. Responsibility – refers to the person being
accountable for his or her own action and their
consequences
WRITTEN WORK 3
I am Free because… As a free person, I must…
HOW CAN I EXERCISE MY FREEDOM IN A
RESPONSIBLE AND BENEFICIAL MANNER?
1. Human freedom should be exercised with control
and a recognition of reasonable limits.
2. Freedom should also be exercised with regard
for knowledge and truth.
3. In exercising our freedom, we should also
recognized and uphold not only our individual
freedom but also the freedom of others.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY Mario Meynard I. Mutia
HOW DO WE AS HUMAN PERSON RELATE WITH
OTHERS?
Recognizing the “self” in the “other” – this is how philosophers define interpersonal
relations.
Our human nature not only enables us to recognize the “self” that defines our
individuality, it also enables us to recognize that other human beings also possess a
“self”. We are able to relate meaningfully with other human beings because we
consider ourselves essentially the same.
Intersubjectivity – the interaction between self and the other , the mutual recognition
of each other as a person.
It cannot be denied that we interact with other beings in the world, but some of these
beings that we interact with are persons and must be recognized as such. It also
carries the meaning of “a unique relationship between distinct subjects.”
UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
DISTINCT SUBJECTS
Refers to the characteristics of a human person to engage in a very
intimate and personal relationship with others who are different from him
or her but who are also like him or her. This is possible because the person
has an inner life or interiority. Having inner life allows a person to give
himself or herself to others. This also allows the individual to receive others
in is or her life and relate with them.
Intersubjectivity also allows a person to become closer to others in many
different ways
Seeming – where and individual presents himself or herself in a certain
way when dealing with others
WHAT CHARACTERIZES A GENUINE HUMAN
INTERACTION?
Dialogue – deeper and more genuine interaction,
made possible when the self realizes that the other is a
genuine and unique individual. When two individuals
begin to view each other as an other – that is, truly
acknowledging each others presence – then that is the
beginning of authentic relationship and a dialogue.
-it happens between two person thorugh speech or use
of words, expressions, and body language.
HOW DOES INTERSUBJECTIVITY DEFINE OUR
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PERSON?
Empathy – ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of
intersubjectivity.
This emotion is driven by a persons awareness that the other person with
thoughts and feelings. Human persons are actively aware of the emotional
states of other people, and they use this information to determine their own
actions and behavior. Empathy enable us to experience another persons
emotions, such as happiness, anger and sadness.
Availability – willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal
of another. You may have encountered a situation where you needed help.
HOW DOES INTERSUBJECTIVITY DEFINE OUR
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PERSON?
Ethics of Care – an ethical theory that
emphasizes the moral dimension of
relationships and interactions. This moral
perspective encourages individuals to help
other people, mostly especially the
vulnerable.
HOW CAN PHILOSOPHY HELP YOU EVALUATE
YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER?
Acceptance of differences and embracing diversity – it is
understood that each person is unique, therefore,
differences will exist among groups of people. When we
look at the physical self and even traits behaviours, we can
see that no two persons look and think the same. When we
consider views, beliefs and ideas the differences becomere
more pronounced. We have to accept that people will
have different views and beliefs. What unites us all is our
shared humanity and dignity.
WRITTEN WORK 4

What makes your

friend as your friend?
PERFORMANCE TASK 3
Research and save your files on the designated
folders in the Google Classroom on these three
person. Mention how did they have successfully
risen above their physical limitations.
1. Helen Keller
2. Nicholas James “Nick” Vojicic
3. Roselle Ambubuyog
THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY Mario Meynard I. Mutia
WHAT IS SOCIETY? WHAT DRIVES HUMAN BEINGS
TO ESTABLISH SOCITIES?
Society – Organized group of people
whose members interact frequently and
have common territory and culture. It also
refers to companionship or friendly
association with others, an alliance,
community or a union.
WHAT ARE DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES?
Hunting and Gathering Society – recognized as the earliest and
simplest form of society
Pastoral Society – Characterized by the domestication of animals
for food and a more stable and predictable food supply.
Horticultural society – primarily engages in the small scale
cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and domestication of
animals.
Agrarian or agricultural society – further evolution of the pastoral
and horticultural societies. It involves the large scale and long term
cultivation of crops and domestication of animals. Characterized by
improved technology abd the use of tools to aid farming.
WHAT ARE DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES?
Feudal Society – based on the ownership of the land. Feudal
societies arose out of the developments in Western Europe during
Medieval Times, when rival kingdoms were engagaed in conflict
over resources, particularly land.
Industrial Society – based on the use of specialized machinery in
the production of goods and services.
Post Industrial Society – Marked by establishment of societies
based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services.
 Virtual Society – where people organize themselves through communication
technology and the internet, it is the product of post industrial society.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON?
The person and the society
have a very dynamic
relationship in which one
cannot exist without the other.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON?
Society influences our developmet as
persons in various ways. Society is the
backdrop by which we adopt the
prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas
and knowledge of the persons, groups,
and communities that surround us.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON?
Society influences the interactions of its
members through the establishment of
NORMS, which are set of traits and
behavior that society considers
acceptable, and thus encouraged and
passed on to members.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON?
Laws – more formal and stringent norms that
establish and define acceptable behavior of
citizens. They also prescribe the consequences or
penalties that will be imposed on violators.
Folkways – less formal nomrs that arise from
tradition and do not result in punishment when
violated.
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON?
Social System – organized or patterned set of
relationships among individuals and groups that
composed a society.
Social Role – assigned to each member, which are
actions and beahviours expected of a certain individual.
Individual who share similar backgrounds or perform
similar roles are group together into social groups or
classess
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE OUR
DEVELOPMENT AS A PERSON?
Social Institutions perform vital functions in
society and theses include family, school,
government, and religion.
Society transforms human relations, which
leads to the transformation of its members.
Social Values – actions or ideals that are
considered important by society.
HOW DOES SOCIETY ENABLE ME TO BECOME A
BETTER PERSON?
Society recognizes the capability of the person to
develop, and provides its members with
opportunities to better themselves.
Apart from choosing not to be fully defined by
society, Person can also undertake to contribute to
society through decisions and actions.
Social Movement – large scale action done by
various group and organizations in pursuit of a
common goal to bring about change.
WRITTEN WORK 5

1. What is your role in your community?

2. How do you fulfill your role?
3. Why do you think you should contribute
to the progress of your community?
 HUMAN PERSONS AS ORIENTED Mario Meynard I. Mutia
TOWARDS THEIR IMPENDING DEATH
QUOTES TO PONDER

“Nothing Lasts Forever.”

We are temporal beings or beings
oriented towards death.
HOW DOES THE REALITY OF DEATH DEFINES OUR
LIVES?
Death is commonly understood as the end of bodily
functions which signals the end of a persons life. It also
refers to the separation of the body and spirit. As
mentioned earlier, the human is an embodied spirit . The
body being the material, is bound by the laws of time
and space and is subject to growth, death and decay.
The spirit being the immaterial, will continue to exist even
after the body has passed.
HOW SHOULD I LIVE MY LIFE BEFORE IT FINALLY
ENDS?
Understanding the person as a being –towards-death brings us back to a very
important topic: freedom.
Self Determination – the essence of freedom, the capacity to choose and act for
oneself.
Some philosophers view end as terminus, which means full stop or end of a line. For
them life ends and nothing follows. Others however , consider end as telos, which
means “Goal, Purpose, or Fulfilment”. Although we are oriented towards our death,
death is not the goal of life. The human person is not born into this world just so he
or she could die. Man is put on this earth to live a meaningful llfe, to be virtuous
and achieve excellence. With this in mind, we can look at two experiences which
makes us reflect on the meaning of life: happiness and suffering.
WHAT MAKES YOU HAPPY?
Noble Good-pursued for its own sake; it is good in
itself. Love and and friendship are some examples.
Useful good – considered good so long as it serves
as means to an end: its goodness is found only from
what it can provide.
Pleasurable good – it is good as long as it provides
some form of pleasure , though it does not have to
be physical.
WHY DO WE SUFFER?
Suffering takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, discomfort
and pain.
It can be a form of:
1. Physical Suffering – we experience physical sensations such as discomfort,
hunger, distress and pain. Often caused by injury, disease and lack of basic
needs.
2. Mental Suffering – involves emotional and mental states such as
depression, anxiety, fear, loneliness and grief. May be caused by
unexpected situations in life such as sudden changes in lifestyle, loss of
employment, stressful situations and grief caused by death of a loved one.
The tension between what a person is and what he wants to be may also be
an experience of suffering.
HOW DO HAPPINESS, SUFFERING AND DEATH
GIVE MEANING TO YOUR LIFE?
As we approach our death, we experience both
happiness and suffering. Although these are distinct
experiences, the two are not really meant to be
complete opposites, for there my be instances when
they enrich each one another. The pursuit of
happiness requires that we go through the effort to
achieve it. Our efforts are often marked with
difficulties and discouragement.
WRITTEN WORKS 6

Write your own philosophy

in life. Laminate your work.
PERFORMANCE TASK 4

1. Movie review. Watch the movie Coco,

summarize and note the similarities in the
Philippine settings on how we celebrate
death and life after death. Only one page
summary.