REGENERATIVE BRAKING

SYSTEM
MEMBERS:
1)PRAKHAR Y. PATEL(160320119106)
2)SMIT B. BHAVSAR(160320119504)
3)SARAN SUTRADHAR(160320119558)
4)SOLANKI DIGPALSINH(160320119555)

PROJECT GUIDE:
PROF.PRAVIN ZINZALA (L.J.I.E.T, AHMEDABAD)
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CONVENTIONAL BRAKING SYSTEM
 PRINCIPLE OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
 WORKING OF THE SYSTEM-THE MECHANICAL ASPECT
 TYPES AND OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
 WHY ARE THESE BRAKES ASSISTED WITH FRICTIONAL
BRAKES
 CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF THIS SYSTEM
 WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THIS SYSTEM
 ADVANTAGES AND DOWNSIDES OF THE SYSTEM
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 Brakes are employed to retard or to stop the motion of a
vehicle. In conventional vehicles, it is done with the help
of friction pads (brake liners) which absorb the kinetic
energy of the vehicle.
 But, all the momentum or kinetic energy the vehicle has
gained up until that moment is wasted in the form of
heat. This results in wastage of a huge amount of
energy.
 Regenerative braking system is basically a provision with
the help of which we could store this otherwise wasted
energy in the form of heat and utilize it for future usage.
 This recovered energy can be immensely helpful in
increasing the overall efficiency of a vehicle.
CONVENTIONAL BRAKING SYSTEM
 Conventional systems
use friction to counteract
the forward momentum
of a vehicle.
 As the brake pads rub
against the wheel, high
amount of heat is
released.
 This heat energy is
released into
atmosphere, wasting up
to 30% of the car’s
generated power.
PRINCIPLE OF REGENERATIVE SYSTEM

 Regenerative system funnels the energy funnels the

energy created by the braking process into the system
in the form of charging the battery for further use.
 In a regenerative braking system, the energy normally
lost in the braking process is transferred to the
generator from the rotating axel and then transferred to
the battery, thus saving energy.
WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
 Regenerative system does more than stopping a car.
Motors and generators are essentially two sides of the
same technology. This system takes advantage of this
duality. When the motor is operated in a reverse
manner, it acts as an electric generator or dynamo. This
generated electricity is stored in the chemical storage
battery and is used for running car at city speeds.
TYPES OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND FLYWHEEL

 The translational energy of the vehicle is transferred into
rotational energy in the flywheel, which stores the energy
until it is needed to accelerate the vehicle.
 The benefit of using flywheel technology is that more of the
forward inertial energy of the car can be captured than in
batteries, because the flywheel can be engaged even during
relatively short intervals of braking and acceleration.
 In the case of batteries, they are not able to accept charge at
these rapid intervals, and thus more energy is lost to friction.
 Another advantage of flywheel technology is that the
additional power supplied by the flywheel during acceleration
substantially supplements the power output of the small
engine that hybrid vehicles are equipped with.
REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND FUEL CELLS
 The third system uses what is known as a unitized regenerative fuel
cell which is designed to both convert hydrogen and oxygen into
energy and water, or be reversed to take the energy from the wheels,
combine it with water, and produce hydrogen and oxygen.
 The system as a single unit is substantially lighter than a separate
electrolyser and generator, which makes this system (known as a
URFC) especially beneficial when weight is a factor.
 When the URFC is paired up with lightweight hydrogen storage, it's
energy density of about 450 watt-hours per kilogram is ten times that
of lead-acid batteries and twice as much as any predictions for the
energy density of forthcoming chemical batteries.
 This means that not only will this technology make lighter hybrids
available, it will also give hybrids a driving range that is comparable
to that of vehicles today that are equipped with conventional engines.
 Further benefits of the URFC is that it will be more cost effective than
other vehicles because it will not need to be replaced, and it will
provide the additional power needed by an electric engine when
accelerating onto a highway.
REGENERATIVE BRAKING AND LAUNCH ASSIST
 It recovers energy normally lost during deceleration and
converts it to hydraulic pressure in an accumulator, where it
is available as a source of energy during the vehicle's next
acceleration.

 A variable-displacement hydraulic pump/motor is mounted

on the transfer case and clutched to the output shaft that
powers the front driveshaft.

 A valve block mounted on the pump contains solenoid valves

to control the flow of hydraulic fluid. A 14-gallon, high-
pressure accumulator is mounted behind the rear axle, with
an almost identical low-pressure accumulator right behind it
to store hydraulic fluid.
 When the driver presses the brake pedal, a pedal movement
sensor signals the control unit, which then operates solenoid
valves to send hydraulic fluid from the low-pressure reservoir
to the pump. The pumping action slows the vehicle, similar to
engine compression braking, and the fluid is pumped into the
high-pressure reservoir.

 Releasing the brake and pressing hard on the accelerator

signals the control unit to send that high-pressure fluid back
to the pump, which then acts as a hydraulic motor and adds
torque to the driveline. The system can be used to launch the
vehicle from a stop or to add torque for accelerating from any
speed.

 The real advantage of hydraulics is in its power density.

Hydraulics is capable of transferring energy very quickly
compared to hybrid electric system
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
WHY ARE THESE BRAKES ASSISTED WITH
FRICTIONAL BRAKES
 The regenerative braking effect drops off at lower speeds;
therefore the friction brake is still required in order to bring the
vehicle to a complete halt. Physical locking of the rotor is also
required to prevent vehicles from rolling down hills.

 Another reason for assisting it with friction brakes is to ensure of an

alternative in case of a failure of regenerative brakes.

 Most road vehicles with regenerative braking only have power on

some wheels (as in a two-wheel drive car) and regenerative
braking power only applies to such wheels, so in order to provide
controlled braking under difficult conditions (such as in wet roads)
friction based braking is necessary on the other wheels.

 Another reason as to why friction brakes are used along with

regenerative brakes is to use them in case of emergency braking
where only the regenerative brakes won’t be able to stop the motion
instantaneously.
CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF REGENERATIVE
BRAKES
 Toyota Prius
 Honda Insight

 Ford Escape Hybrid

 Tesla Roadster

 Chevy Volt

 Ford Fusion
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THIS
SYSTEM
 The currently used system doesn’t use ultra-capacitors
which can be used to supply the recovered energy back
to the battery at a higher speed than normal due to
which this system becomes equally efficient at higher
speeds.
 Another way is to add thermoelectric elements in the
brake disc which will convert heat in to electricity.
Although the amount of energy recovered is limited by
the type of metal used and the way driver uses his car.
 In highway braking, both elements work together to
bring car to a halt. While for slower speeds, only
regenerative brakes are sufficient to stop the motion of
the car.
ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM
 Provide greater fuel economy

 Greater improvement in emission reduction

 Energy savvy (energy conversion will be carefully

controlled in the interest of maximum efficiency)

 Provide ample drive power and power for sudden

acceleration.

 Enhance the efficiency of the engine and the overall

economy of the car.

 Increases the lifespan of the friction braking system.

DOWNSIDES OF THE SYSTEM
 The regenerative braking effect drops off at lower speeds, therefore
the friction brake is still required in order to bring the vehicle to a
complete halt.
 The friction brake is a necessary back-up in the event of failure of the
regenerative brake.
 Most road vehicles with regenerative braking only have power on
some wheels (as in a 2WD car) and regenerative braking power only
applies to such wheels, so in order to provide controlled braking
under difficult conditions (such as in wet roads) friction based braking
is necessary on the other wheels
CONCLUSION
The energy efficiency of a conventional brake is
only about 20 percent, with the remaining 80
percent of its energy being converted to heat through
friction. The miraculous thing about regenerative
braking is that it may be able to capture as much as
half of that wasted energy and put it back to work.
This reduces fuel consumption by 10 to 25 percent.

Hence regenerative braking plays an important role

in fuel consumption and also in the field of speed.
All vehicles in motion can benefit from utilizing
regeneration to recapture energy that would
otherwise be lost.
THANK YOU