Sarvajanik College of Engineering

and Technology

Academic Year: 2019-2020

A Project review on

Preparation of Biopolymers from Natural Resources

Department: Chemical Engineering(4th Year 7th Sem)

Submitted By:
Guided By:
Name Enrollment No.
Prof. Rashmita Patel
Rutvik Patel 160420105045
Ashish Patel 170423105003

Keval Patel 170423105004 1

Dax Solanki 170423105008

 Index
1. Introduction 3
2. Literature Review 5
3. Structure of starch 25
4. Percentage of starch 36
5. Applications 37
6. Experimental process of starch based 39
7. Analysis 43
8. References 45

2
Introduction

• Biopolymer is a polymer that is produced by a living organism

such as DNA, RNA, starch, cellulose, proteins etc. About 80%
of the polymeric materials are made from fossil fuels.
• So the polymer related pollution are increasing as it use is
increases. When polymeric products are no longer needed it
becomes waste and it increase the burden on environment.
• Waste created by polymeric materials has been a pressing
problem for many years with increasing consumption of
product with short life span, and amount of waste is increases.
Dumping grounds have negative environmental impacts and
they also require a lot of space.
3
• If we reuse this waste or recycle the products, it will reduce the
landfill pollution and environmental related burden. Polymers
which are biodegradable or made from natural resources can play
a role of an alternative.
• There has been a marked increase in interest in biodegradable
materials for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other
areas.
• While recycling represent alternatives to landfill disposal of
plastic products, the recycling process is costly and it also reduces
the quality of material. Recycling, of course, improves the
utilization of the material but recycling can not run indefinitely,
which means that we must sooner or later face the waste, which
needs treatment.

4
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No. paper Condition

1. Making a plastic Starch : 10 gm Extracting starch from Journal of Advancing

from potato Glycerol : 10 gm potatoes takes a lot of the chemical science,
starch HCl : 5 ml energy. You had to grate RSC. (November 2005)
Time : 15 min the potatoes, grind them
and rinse them several
Make sure it does times. Similar processes
not boil dry. are used in industry to
extract starch, although
sweetcorn is used more
often than potatoes. The
leftover bits are often
used in animal feed so
that none of the material
is wasted.

5
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No. paper Condition

2. Bioplastics from Water : 10 ml Plants are renewable Richard Harris, Carla

plant starch Starch : 1.5 gm resources. Most Ahrenstorff, University
Glycerol : 1.5 gm bioplastics are of Minnesota. (2016)
Acetic acid : 1 ml decompostable.
Although bioplastics
can be decomposed,
they cannot be recycled
to new plastic products
at this time. Compost
from bioplastic runs the
risk of contamination if
not closely monitored.

6
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No. research paper
3. Biodegradable Pre-treatment: Biodegradability Y E Agustin and
bioplastics Starch slurry is prepared increased with the KS
From banana by suspending banana increase of banana peel Padmawijaya,
peel starch peel into water with 1 : 2 starch concentration. Materials
for 10-12 hr. The filter it. Addition of glycerol Science and
Then slurry is dried at which acted as Engineering
40 oC for 12 hr. plasticizer will increase (2017).
the biodegradability of
bioplastics but at the
same time will reduced
their antimicrobial
activity. Bioplastics
demonstrates more
effective antimicrobial
activity against E. coli
bacteria than S. aureus
bacteria.
Sr. Title of research Operating Condition Observation Reference
No. paper
4. Mango seed Pre-treatment : The density of Kittiphoom S (2012).
starch in 100 gram of Mango bioplastics increased International Food
manufacture of seeds was washed with as starch content Research Journal.
Bioplastic clean water before increased.
shredded to small Furthermore, an
pieces. Then placed in addition of starch
mixing blender and content decreased
soaked in water for water uptake of
about 100 ml and keep bioplastics.
it in beaker for settling
for 30 minutes. Starch
sediment was separated
from the slurry and then
washed again with
distilled water. After the
second settling, starch
sediment was dried
using an oven with
temperature of 60 oC.

8
Sr. Title of research Operating Condition Observation Reference
No paper

5. Pea Starch: The isolation of This starch extraction Wajira S.

Composition, starches from peas process is not efficient Ratnayakea,
Structure and is difficult. For this, because it can not Ratnajothi Hoovera,
Properties wet milling is used. separate starch and Tom Warkentinb.
Pea seeds in warm protein. The actual Department of
water, followed by starch content is much Biochemistry,
hulling using rubber higher the extracted. Memorial
Rollers, gentle University of
particle size Newfoundland,
reduction of the St. John’s, N. F.,
seeds of the Canada. (2002)
screened out starch
fraction suspended
in the process water.

9
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition
6. Preparation and Rice starch was The mechanical Thawien Bourtoom,
properties of dissolved in resistance of the starch Manjeet S. Chinnan.
rice starch distilled water at films was improved Department of Material
biodegradable concentration of largely by incorporating Product Technology,
film 4 g/100 ml by chitosan into the starch Prince of Songkla
heating the film. however, too high University, Hat Yai,
mixtures on of a chitosan Songkhla, Thailand.
hot plates and concentration yielded (2008)
stirring until it phase separation
gelatinized (85 between starch and
o
C for 5 min).The chitosan and it decreases
mixtures were the strength of
then cooled to 27 biopolymer.
o
C. Sorbitol is
added as 40% of
solution.

10
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition

7. Bioplastic – Starch : 20 gm A plastic without E.S. Stevens (2002)

Plastic of the Glycerin : 20 gm glycerin yields a very Green Plastics: An
future Acetic Acid : 5 rigid, squishy, and Introduction to the New
ml inflexible plastic. Science of Biodegradable
Glycerin makes the Plastics. Princeton
Mix it properly plastic more flexible University Press, 41
and avoid lump and more tear- William Street, Princeton,
formation. resistant. Too much New Jersey 08540 USA ;
glycerin ruins the Page No : 253-260
plastic like a jelly kind
of structure that can
not be actually used,
or considered as
plastic.

11
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition
8. Bioplastics from Temp : 95 oC Glycerol, Glycol, Sorbitol, Zamudio-Flores P
Starch RPM : 75 Ethylene glycol ,Propylene B, Torres A V,
Time : 10 min glycol, Butane diol, Sucrose, Salgado-Delgado
Fructose, Fatty acids etc. are R, Bello-Perez L
Temperature used as plasticizer. Though A, Journal of
should maintain at water is good plasticizer it is Application
95 oC. not used alone as it gives a Polymer Science
brittle product with ambient 2010; 115: 991–
humidity and due to 998
evaporation of water.
Glycerol due to its low cost,
non-toxicity, high boiling
point (292 °C)

12
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition
09. Production of Water : 200 ml Using plasticizer as Journal of Physics:
Starch Based Starch : 12 gm sorbitol, the elongation at Conference Series 710
Bioplastic Using Sorbitol : 40 break will improve. (2016)
Sorbitol as gm
Plasticizer
10. Making Temp : 100 oC Starch is a polymer of Sweeney, Brandon.
Bioplastics Time : 7 min long chain of glucose “Make Your Own
molecules. Heat breaks Bioplastic. Green
Final slurry the intermolecular bonds Plastics (June, 2014)
should not of starch molecules, Department of Biology,
contain air exposing sites that Stanford University.
bubbles. hydrogen bond with
water, which dissolves the
starch.Glycerol acts as a
plasticizer by
interspersing itself
between starch polymers,
therefore increasing the
end product's flexibility.

13
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research
paper
11. Production of Water : 200 ml Using plasticizer as Journal of Physics:
Starch Based Starch : 12 gm sorbitol, the elongation Conference Series
Bioplastic Sorbitol : 40 gm at break will improve. 710 (2016)
Using
Sorbitol as
Plasticizer
12. Rice stubble Dried rice stubble was Incorporation of 20% Pattrathip
as a new boiled in distilled water glycerol or olive oil, or Rodsamran,
biopolymer for 30 min to remove dust a combination of Rungsinee
source and then filtered. The 10%glycerol and 10% Sothornvit,
hemicellulose and lignin olive oil into cellulose Department of Food
were removed using based films showed Engineering, Faculty
NaOH (10% ) at 55 oC for equivalent film of Engineering at
3 h and NaOCl (5% ) at properties (moisture Kamphaengsaen,
75 oC for 15 min, content, solubility, Kasetsart University,
respectively. Then, the water vapor Kamphaengsaen
residual cellulose was permeability, and Campus,
washed with distilled tensile properties). This Nakhonpathom,
water and 95% ethanol blended films being Thailand. (2017)
before drying in a hot air transparent, flexible and 14
oven at 60◦C for 8 h. having acceptable water
Plasticizer – olive oil, barrier and mechanical
Sr. Title of Operating conditions Observation Reference
No research
paper
13. Cellulose Pre Treatment : Acetic The quality of cellulose Rahul Bhardwaj,
based anhydride : 50ml triacetate is more flexible Amar K. Mohanty,
bioplastic Acetic acid : 70 ml then cellulose diacetate. L. T. Drzal,
Sulfuric acid : 0.5 gm To increase more F. Pourboghrat,
Cotton Balls : 10 gm flexibility, add some M. Misra.
1] 5 gm of Cellulose amount of plasticizer. (2006) American
triacetate from Chemical Society
pretreatment and 10 ml
of aceton.

2] Temperature : 220 oC.

Melting point of
cellulose biopolymer.
Add 7-10 ml of
triacetate.

15
Sr. Title of Operating Observation Reference
No research conditions
paper
14. Bioplastics Sugarcane bagasse, Optical transmittance Nery M. Aguilar,
based on the fibers were first showed that composites F. Arteaga-
isolated washed with water obtained from cotton are Cardona, M.E. de
cellulose at 85 oC to soften more transparent than those Anda Reyes, J.J.
from cotton them and to remove obtained from sugarcane Gervacio-
and impurities. Two bagasse. Arciniega, U.
sugarcane consecutive washes Salazar-Kuri.
bagasse were made with a Materials
solution of HNO3 at Chemistry and
3% for 2 h and Physics. (July,
afterward, the fibers 2019)
were washed with
water until the pH
was neutral. The
products obtained
were dried at room
conditions.

16
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research
paper
15 A Extraction procedure: rice straw, classified Hermabessiere, L.,
. sustainable 200 g of dried rice straw as an agricultural Dehaut, A., Paul-
bioplastic samples were placed in waste, for bioplastic Pont, I., Lacroix,
obtained a membrane bag and production is C., Jezequel, R.,
from rice transferred to the chamber of reported. Rice Soudant, P.,
straw the Naviglio Extractor, is straw,vegetable Duflos, G., 2017.
based on the generation of a waste rich in Occurrence and
negative pressure gradient cellulose. IT very effects of plastic
from the inside to the outside good mechanical additives on marine
of the solid matrix. features, with tensile environments
Sample preparation: strength and and organisms: a
Dried rice straw was ground elongation at break review.
into fine powder10 g of the over 43 MPa and Chemosphere 182,
powdered rice straw was nearly 6% for dried 781e793.
mixed with 200mL of TFA. it dumbbells
was maintained and 11 MPa and 63%
under magnetic stirring (about for wet samples.
800 rpm) at room temperature
for three days in a glass
laboratory flask.
17
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition

16 Create Agar Agar : 3gm Agar agar is an Sloss, Watters

Biodegradable Glycerin : 2.5 ml alternative of starch. (November 2011)
Plastic Temp : 75 oC Department
of Human Nutrition,
Food and Animal
Sciences, University of
Hawaii, Kohala Center.

18
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research paper

17 Polyhydroxyal PHA Production from PHA differs from Zahari M A K M,

kanoates Biomass conventional plastics Ariffin H, Mokhtar M
production 1 Sugar Rich Feedstock as it is non-toxic and N, Salihon J, Shirai Y
from waste 2 Waste Lipids and biodegradable where and Hassan M A 2015
biomass Industrial Wastewaters the end degradation J. Clean. Prod. 87
3 Lignocellulosic products are mostly 284-290
Biomass carbon dioxide and
water. Various waste Martinez G A , Bertin
biomass from agro- L, Scoma A,
industry and municipal Rebecchi S,
wastes have been Braunegg G and Fava
looked into as cheap F 2015 Biochem.
alternative carbon Eng. J. 97 92–100
source. sugar based
carbon source
produced notably
higher PHA in term of
CDW, compared to
other feedstock and
not requiring pre-
treatment 19
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research paper

18. Create Agar Agar : 3gm Agar agar is an Sloss, Watters

Biodegradable Glycerin : 2.5 ml alternative of starch. (November 2011)
Plastic Temp : 75 oC Department
of Human Nutrition,
Food and Animal
Sciences, University
of Hawaii, Kohala
Center.

20
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research
paper
19 Biodegradabl Water : 20 ml Bioplastics are called O’Connor, Mary
e Plastic Starch : 10 gm such because they are Catherine. (June,2011).
Glycerin : 5 ml made from renewable Breaking Down
Acetic acid : 5 ml plant sources. However Plastics, Department
not all bioplastics are of Human Nutrition,
When first bubble forms, biodegradable. The PET Food, and Animal
remove the heat supply. or high-density Sciences.
polyethylene (HDPE)
Plant Bottle
manufactured by Coca
Cola is an example of a
bioplastic that is 30%
bio-based but is not
biodegradable nor
compostable, however
it is recyclable.

21
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition
20. Production of 1] Water : 100 ml The product has get proper International
Bio-Plastic Starch : 6 gm strength as a conventional Journal for
from Natural Glycerin : 10 ml plastic and it will be equally Scientific Research
Polymer and Acetic acid : 5 ml elastic and flexible as & Development,
Polymer Gelatin : 6 gm conventional plastic. We are Vol. 5, Issue 03,
Blends. Glyoxal : 0.12 ml expecting that besides of 2017
physical strength, composting
2] Water : 25 ml of bioplastic will be also
Starch : 5 gm occur in a fairly natural
Glycerin : 5 gm manner. The cost of
Acetic acid : 2.5 conventional plastics are
ml around 30 INR per kg while
Gelatin : 2.5 ml our biodegradable plastic
costs around 45 INR per kg.
The cost will decreases and
even it can be less than
conventional plastics if the
production occurs in bulk.
Because biodegradable plastic
depends on temperature it is
crucial to maintain the temp.
During production process. 22
Sr. Title of research Operating Condition Observation Reference
No paper

21 Degradation of 3-4 gm of amylase Put 2 samples one with Creative commons

bioplastic enzyme and bioplastic enzyme and one without by NC-SA.
enzyme. Check it daily (March, 2012)
for 6-7 days. The sample University of
with enzyme will Minho.
degrade quickly.

23
Sr. Title of research Application Reference
No paper
22 Synthesis of Aliphatic-aromatic copolymer : Polymer Degradation
polycaprolactone It is soft, pliable (producing low and Stability
noise) and has a good touch. Volume 59, Issues 1–3, 3
Melting-points are high for a January 1998, Pages
degradable material (around 137-143
200°C).

Polycaprolactone :
It is a biodegradable
thermoplastic polymer derived
from the
chemical synthesis of crude oil.
Although
not produced from renewable raw
materials, it is fully
biodegradable.
It serves to make stiffeners for
shoes and orthopedic splints, and
fully biodegradable compostable
bags, sutures, and fibres.
24
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research
paper
23. Biodegradation Bioplastic (made Microorganisms are S. Mehdi Emadian,
of bioplastics from potato Starch- responsible for the Turgut T. Onay,
in natural based) biodegradation of Burak Demirel.
environments Environment bioplastics in Institute of
condition: Compost different ecosystems. Environmental
Aerobic, 58 oC, Total In fact, Sciences,
Weight of biopolymer microorganisms University Bebek,
will loss. catalyze the Istanbul, Turkey.
Biodegradability- biodegradation of (October,2016)
85% biopolymers
Time Period : 90 days through responsible
enzymes.

25
Sr. Title of Operating Observation Reference
No research Condition
paper
24. Starch-based Blend with starch was adopted as a filler of Wang N., Yu J.
completely synthetic polyolefin by Griffin, and its G., Chang P. R.,
biodegradable degradable concentrations is as low as 6– Ma X.: Influence
polymer polymers to 15%.. In all these cases starch of
materials increase strength. granules were used to increase formamide and
(PLA,PVA,PHA,P the surface area available for water on the
CL) attack properties of
by microorganisms. However, thermoplastic
such a system is partially starch/poly(lacti
biodegradable and not acceptable c acid) blends.
from an ecological point of view. Carbohydrate
Thus, the blends of starch and Polymers,
polyolefin will not be mentioned 71, 109–118
any more in this article. (2008).

26
Sr. Title of Operating Condition Observation Reference
No research
paper
25. Use of residual Pretreatment PHB production is carried Velásquez-
banana for 1.Banana starch out using the glucose Arredondo, H.I.,
polyhydroxybu hydrolysis. The obtained in the hydrolysis Ruiz-Colorado,
tyrate (PHB) liquefaction reaction stage from the banana pulp A.A.,
production: is carried out at 90 C or the detoxified DeOliveirajunior,
Case for 3 h catalyzed by hydrolysate S., 2010. Ethanol
of study in an alpha amylase from peel. The PHB production process
integrated 2. Banana peel production costs can be from banana fruit
biorefinery hydrolysis. high reduced using new and its
temperature water alternative raw materials lignocellulosic
(170 C) at 5 atm The obtained results show residues: energy
(Quintero et al., 2013) an interesting alternative analysis. Energy
is used to expose the design for the PHB 35, 3081–3087.
hemicellulose production in which the
3. Glucose production costs
production. glucose are amortized to the
requires a production of other value-
discoloration added products hence
with activated carbon increasing the
for 15 min and 60 C environmental and techno-
economic viability of the 27

process.
Sr. Title of research paper Applications Reference
No
26 Bioplastics and food Among the widely used bio-based Nafisa Jabeen, Ishrat
packaging plastics, PLA is widely used. Moreover, Majid and Gulzar
the bioplastics nowadays Ahmad Nayik.
have found applications for both short- (December 2015)
shelf life products like fresh fruits and Cogent Food &
vegetables and long shelf Agriculture
life products, like potato chips and pasta.

28
Sr. No Title of research paper Applications Reference

27 Material Biopolymers Aliphatic polyesters: H. Frey, R. Haag,

It has properties similar to those of in Encyclopedia of
PE and PP. They are odorless and Materials: Science and
can be used for trash bags, diapers, Technology, (2001)
and cosmetic and beverage bottles.

Polylactide aliphatic copolymer :

Possible applications will include
compost bags, cushioning materials,
food wrapping materials, fishing
nets, etc. It is easy to process with
stability up to 200 °C.

29
Sr. Title of Operating Observation Reference
No research conditions
paper
28 Biodegrada- Banana Take 400 ml beaker and 1.1 grams of Jayachandra
ble plastic paste : 25 a preweighed piece of bioplastics Yaradoddi, Vinay
production gm were taken and placed under the Patil,
from fruit HCl : 3 ml beaker containing soil at a depth of Sharanabasava
waste (0.1 N) 5cm from the surface. Some amount Ganachari, Nagaraj
material and Glycroal : 2 of water was sprinkled on the soil so Banapurmath,
its ml that bacterial enzymatic activities Anand Hunashyal,
sustainable could be enriched. These samples Ashok Shettar.
use for green 0.1 N NaOH were kept in the beaker for about 15 International
applications to neutralize days. we observed the decrease in the Journal of
pH up to 7. weight of the bioplastic material. Pharmaceutical
Research & Allied
Sciences. (2016)

30
Sr. Title of Operating conditions Observation Reference
No research
paper
29 New Fresh intact bitter The intact bitter cassava K.S. Tumwesigye,
sustainable cassava roots goes for films showed to be more J.C. Oliveira, M.J.
approach to peeling and other goes transparent and more Sousa-Gallagher.
reduce for scaling off. Then strength and thermal stability Process &
cassava go for mechanical then peeled cassava. Chemical
borne rupture and becomes Engineering,
environment wet pulp. Then NaCl School of
al waste and & H2SO4 are added Engineering,
develop and then filter it. After University College
biodegradab Centrifugation of Cork, Ireland.
le materials slurry, drying at 50 oC (December, 2015)
for 12 h.

31
Sr. Title of research Application Reference
No paper
30 Bioplastics and food PLA plastics: Rasal, R. M.,
packaging PLA plastics are derived from the Janorkar, A. V., &
fermentation of agricultural byproducts Hirt, D. E. (2010).
such as starch-rich substances Poly(lactic acid)
like maize, wheat or sugar and corn modifications.
starch. The process involves conversion Progress in Polymer
of corn, or other carbohydrate Science, 35, 338–356.
sources into dextrose followed by
fermentation into lactic acid. PLA
derived from lactic acid is
thermoplastic, biodegradable aliphatic
polyester having ample potential for
packaging applications.

32
Sr. Title of research Appleations Reference
No paper
31. Characterization of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Dizdaroglu, M.;
Irradiated Starches Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) Henneberg, D.;
by Using FT-Raman methods were used for Schomburg, G.; von
and rapid characterization and classification Sonntag,
FTIR Spectroscopy of selected irradiated starch samples. C. V. Radiation
FTIR Measurements. FTIR spectra were chemistry of
recorded using a Nicolet carbohydrates. VI. ç-
model 870 spectrometer (Madison, WI) radiolysis of
equipped with a deuterated glucose in
tryiglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector deoxygenated N2O
FT-Raman measurements. saturated aqueous
Chemometrics (Discriminant Analysis). solution. Z.
Naturforsch. 30b,
416-425.

33
Sr. Title of Operating Observation Reference
No research Condition
paper
32. The Material- 1. The physicochemical The United States
physicochemi Glutinous rice properties of the GRS Pharmacopeial,
cal properties starch (GRS) biopolymer differed The United States
of a spray 2.spray dried from those of SGRS. The Pharmacopeia
dried glutinous rice starch particles of GRS changed from 29/The
glutinous rice (SGRS) an irregular shape to a concave National
starch Preparation of spherical shape. GRS consisted Formulary 24,
biopolymer SGRS of partially crystalline and United States
SGRS was prepared amorphous solids, but SGRS Pharmacopeial
by heating 6% was almost entirely amorphous Convention,
(w/v) GRS at 62 ◦C and near fully gelatinized. The Rockville,
for 9min and drying suspension of GRS 2006
by spray dryer at transformed at around 60–75
an inlet temperature ◦C into a gelatinized colloidal
of 250 ◦C and 44% solution and increased in
compressed viscosity. Furthermore, SGRS
air flow. can swell and produce a
gelatinous barrier like a
hydrophilic
matrix which controls drug
release. 34
Sr. Title of research Operating Observation Reference
No paper Condition
33. Production of Water : 100 ml The product has get proper International
Bio-Plastic from Gelatin : 6 gm strength as a conventional Journal for
Natural Polymer Starch : 6 gm plastic and it will be equally Scientific
and Polymer Glycerin : 10 ml elastic and flexible as Research &
Blends. Acetic acid : 5 ml conventional plastic. We are Development,
Glutaraldehyde : expecting that besides of Vol. 5, Issue 03,
0.12 ml physical strength, composting 2017
of bioplastic will be also occur
in a fairly natural manner. The
cost of conventional plastics are
around 30 INR per kg while our
biodegradable plastic costs
around 45 INR per kg. The cost
will decreases and even it can
be less than conventional
plastics if the production occurs
in bulk. Because biodegradable
plastic depends on temperature
it is crucial to maintain the
temp. During production
process.
Structure of starch

• Starch is mixture of two polysaccharide.

1. Amylose
2. Amylopectin
• In starch, amylose is containing 20% and remaining 80% is
amylopectin.
• Glucose linkage in amylose is C1 – C4 and linkage in
amylopectin is C1 – C6.

36
37
Percentages of starch content in different natural
resources
Resources Percentages of starch content

Potato 85

Cassava 80

Banana Peel 60

Peas 61

Rice 64

Mango Seed 65

38
Applications

• Biopolymers are used in compostable bags, Pot for plant,

Razor, Shampoo bottle, Pen, Disposable cups, Loose fill,
Button for clothes.
• These chemical compounds can be used to make thin wrapping
films, food trays and pellets for sending fragile goods by
shipping.
• Plant-derived polymers have found specific applications in
drug delivery as films, solid monolithic matrix systems, beads,
micro particles, implants, nanoparticles, as well as inhalations
and injectable systems and viscous liquid formulations.

39
Extraction of starch from potato

40
Experimental process of Starch based :

• Starch itself has n number of molecules. So to obtain

biopolymer from potato starch we have to break the bonds
between them. So acetic acid added to it.
• It is also necessary to give strength to obtained biopolymer
so glycerol is also added to the mixture of starch and acetic
acid.
• The above raw materials in to following proportion.
Starch : 10 gm
Water : 60 ml
Acetic acid : 5 ml
Glycerol : 5 ml
41
• Add these raw materials in 500 ml beaker.
• Stir the mixture continuously while heating slowly on a hot
plate. Bring the mixture to a gentle boil. The mixture will start
out white in color and change to transparent. It will also
thicken.
• Once the initial white color of the starch is completely gone,
remove from the heat. If overheated, lumps may begin to form.
Total heat time is approximately 10 -15 minutes.
• Try to remove any lumps that remain as well as any air bubbles
by using a glass stir rod.
• Allow all samples to dry undisturbed over the weekend or
several days until completely dry.

42
Extraction of starch from potato

Fig. 1 Peeled Potatoes

Fig. 2 Extracted Water

43
Preparation of biopolymer

Fig. 5
Biopolymer
Fig 3 Mold

Fig 4 Extracted Starch

44
Analysis

• We had our product analysis at Ambe Bhavani Industry,

Bhatpore GIDC, Surat.
• Our test parameters was,

1. Density
2. Tensile strength
3. Elongation at break
4. Water absorption

45
Result

Sample Test Property Unit Test Method Test Value

Film Sample Density g/cc ASTM D 792 1.30

Tensile strength g/cm2 ASTM D 882 1176

at break

Elongation at % 12
break

Water % ASTM D 570 24

absorption
Future Work

• We will check the biodegradability of our biopolymer.

• We will make it suitable for use.
References
1. http://www.o2.org/ideas/cases/biopolymers.html
2. Richard Harris, Carla Ahrenstorff , Gracye Theryo, Aaron Johnson,
Jane Wissinger, Bioplastics from Plant Starch, University of
Minnesota.(2016)
3. Anil Kumar Sharma, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences &
Research, University of Delhi, India. (2017)
4. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Vol.
5, Issue 03, 2017
5. Aaron Johnson, Carla Ahrenstroff, Jane Wissinger, Laura Seifert,
Richard, Make it and Break it : Bioplastics from plant starch,
University of Minnesota
6. Ying Jian Chen(2014), Bioplastics and their role in achieving global
sustainability, Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research

48
7. Zamudio-Flores P B, Torres A V, Salgado-Delgado R, Bello-
Perez L A, Journal of Application Polymer Science 2010; 115:
991–998
8. E.S. Stevens (2002) Green Plastics: An Introduction to the
New Science of Biodegradable Plastics. Princeton University
Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 USA ;
Page No : 253-260
9. Sloss, Watters (November 2011) Department of Human
Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii,
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