Carburetor

Need of Compensating devices

Simple Carburetor with Idling circuit
Air Bleed Jet
Compensating Jet
Emulsion Tube
Auxiliary Valve
AIR Bleed and Capacity well
Vacuum Operated Power Jet
Types of Carburetor
Carter Carburetor
S.U. Carburetor
Solex Carburetor
Auxiliary port
 Drawbacks of Carburetor
• Non uniform
Distribution
• Re-Tuning req.
• Not Adaptive to
Changing Conditions.
• Restriction to air
intake / flow.
• Unable to meet
stringent Emission
regulations
 Fuel Injection System
Advantages
•Improved Atomization

•Better fuel flow

•Smoother idle

•Improved fuel economy

•Lower emissions

•Better cold weather drivability

Disadvantages
•Costlier
•High Maintenance Cost
•Malfunctioning of Sensors
 Types of Gasoline Fuel Injection System
• Port / Manifold Injection system
• Throttle Body Injection (TBI)
• Multi Point Fuel injection (MPFI)
• Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI)
 Typical Fuel System

1. Fuel Supply/ Pumping Element

Components that supply clean fuel to the fuel metering system (fuel pump, fuel
pipes, fuel filters).
2. Fuel Metering Element
Components that meter the correct amount of fuel (and air) entering the engine
(injectors, pressure regulator, throttle valve).
3. Metering Control
Components that control the rate of Metering as demanded by the Load and
speed.
4. Distribution System
Controls the distribution of Metered Fuel equally among the cylinders
5.Timing Control

Controls the start and stop of fuel injection

 Air drawn in by the engine

Throttle Body
/Single Point
Throttle Body
S.I. Fuel Injection Fuel Supply

Throttle Valve

Inlet Manifold

The Engine
 Single Point Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) Systems
EFI systems are classified by using the point of injection.

Single Point (Throttle Body) Fuel Injection

A fuel injector (may be 2) is

ECU
located in a throttle body
assembly that sits on top of
the inlet manifold. Air in
Fuel is sprayed into the inlet
manifold from above the Fuel in
throttle valve, mixing with
incoming air. TB injector

Fuel quantity, how much

fuel is injected is controlled
by an ECU.

Inlet manifold
 Sensor Inputs Single Point Injection Outputs

Reference
voltage
+V

V


0V

Engine coolant
temperature sensor +5V

TPS

0V

ECU

Wires
to ECU

The ECU (Brain) receives IAC valve

Solenoid coil
Information from varies sensors.
Heating
element From this information it works out Air in

Sensor Protective how much fuel the engine needs

element cap with gas Throttle valve
intake slots
 Electronic Fuel Injector Operation

An injector sprays fuel into the inlet manifold by use of a solenoid coil.
When the coil is switch on by the ECU, it pulls the armature/needle valve away
from the nozzle, allowing pressurized fuel into the engine.
When the coil is not switched on, the spring pushes the armature/needle against
the nozzle, no fuel is injected into the inlet manifold
Injectors are more precise and efficient
Electrical connector
than carburettors.
Solenoid coil
Needle valve

Fuel in

Nozzle/jet Armature Spring Fuel filter

Multi – Point S.I. Fuel Injection
Air drawn in by the engine

Fuel Injectors

Inlet Manifold Throttle Valve

Fuel
Supply

Injectors

Engine
 Multi Point S.I. Fuel Injection

• Electronic Control System

• Air Induction system

• Fuel System
 Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)

•Fuel injected inside Cylinder

• Higher Injection pressure
• Reduced Emission
•Improved Performance

•High Cost
•Complex