HISTOLOGI JARINGAN NORMAL :

INSANG DAN GONAD

Budidaya Perairan
Universitas Sriwijaya
Insang bertanggung jawab untuk proses pengaturan INSANG
dari pertukaran garam/mineral dan air serta berperan
dalam proses eksresi (sisa metabolisme).

Merupakan portal entry utama bagi banyak

patogen/pencemar karena bersinggungan langsung
dengan lingkungan dan memungkinkan bahan
tersebut masuk ke dalam peredaran darah.
INSANG
INSANG
 INSANG
Each gill arch bears a number of gill filaments or holobranchs, each of which
is made up of two halves, called hemibranchs. Each hemibranch bears many
fine subdivisions called gill lamellae

The gill arch contains the afferent brachial arteries from the ventral aorta
and the efferent brachial arteries serving the dorsal aorta.
 INSANG

(A, B) Gills of tilapia showing rows of gill filaments

(GF) extending from gill arch (GA) stained with HE.
Note the presence of gill rakers (GRs) supported by
bone (B) and followed by adipose tissue (AT) and
brachial artery (BA).
THE GILL ARCH INSANG

(A, B) The cartilaginous core of the gill arch (GA) extended to gill filaments
(GF) in tilapia stained with HE. Note the presence of supported skeletal
muscle fibers (SKM) to help gill movement.
 INSANG

Some type of cells seen in gills:

1. Red blood cells (rbc)
2. Epithelial cells
3. Chloride cell–Rounder than epithelial cell, large nuclei, very pink cytoplasm, oftenat base of
lamellae. Increase in numbers with smolting.
4. Pilaster cell–(Pillar cell) Structural, supporting, epithelial cell. Very dark staining.
5. Mucous cells–Granule filled domes or vacuolated cells.
THE GILL ARCH INSANG
THE GILL ARCH INSANG
The gill arch is covered by epidermal tissue (stratified epithelium) well-
endowed with mucous cells.
Covering epithelium of
the gill arch of tilapia
stained with HE consisted
of stratified epithelial
cells (EC) with apical
mucous cells
(arrowheads).
GILL FILAMENTS (Holobranchs) : INSANG
1. THE PRIMARY LAMELLAE
2. THE SECONDARY LAMELLAE (SITE OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE)

-* The epithelium of the primary lamellae is thicker than the

epithelium of the secondary one,
-*typically being composed of three or more cell layers.
-*They are covered by epidermal tissue (stratified epithelium)
containing mucous cells.
-*The majority of the surface epithelium is covered with cuboidal and
squamous epithelial pavement cells (PVC), pale-staining mucous cells, and
salt secreting chloride cells.
-* Below the epidermis there is a varying number of lymphocytes,
eosinophils, and phagocytic cells
 GILL FILAMENTS (Holobranchs) : INSANG
1. THE PRIMARY LAMELLAE
2. THE SECONDARY LAMELLAE (SITE OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE)

Each lamella is best regarded as a thin envelope of cells lying on a basement

membrane, the two surfaces of which are supported by pillar cells. Spaces
between pillar cells, called lacunae, connect afferent and efferent arterioles. The
contractile pillar cells control the lacunar diameter thus regulating blood flow.

Gaseous exchange takes place across the surface of the secondary

lamellae primarily through countercurrent exchange of blood flowing in
the opposite direction from the external water. This surface consists of
overlapping or interdigitating squamous epithelial cells (PVC), usually
one layer thick, supported and separated by pillar cells, which are arranged
in rows 9–10 μm apart.
1 : gill filament or primary lamella 2 : secondary lamellae with central capillary
network 3 : erythrocytes within capillary lumen of secondary lamellae 4 : lacuna
(capillary lumen) 5 : pillar cells (spool-shaped) 6 : epithelial cells (respiratory
epithelium) 7 : mucous cell 8 : undifferentiated cells 9 : chloride cells (with
rounded nuclei showing a prominent nucleolus).
 INSANG
CELLULAR CONSTITUENTS OF THE GILL FILAMENTS :

THE PILLAR CELLS

CHLORIDE CELLS (MITOCHONDRIA-RICH CELLS, MRCS)
MUCOUS CELLS
PAVEMENT CELLS (PVC) or respiratory cells
OTHER CELLS (lymphocytes, macrophages, and neuroepithelial cells.)
INSANG
GILL RAKERS INSANG
They serve to sort and aggregate particulate food material
and to position larger food items before the food is passed into the
esophagus and then into the stomach or intestine.

Histologically, each gill raker is composed of an osseous or cartilaginous

supporting the pharyngeal stratified epithelium and adipose connective
Tissue.
GILL RAKERS INSANG
Gill raker epithelium. Gill
rakers are covered by a
relatively thick stratified
epithelium (*) quite well
endowed with mucus-
secreting cells (deep red-
purple – 1). The mucus
released by exocytosis (2)
assists in trapping small
food particles which are
directed to the esophagus.
The arrow points to the
clearly visible basement
membrane.
The presence of
erythrocytes (arrowheads)
is due to dissection.
GONAD
GONAD
Four zones are usually visible by light microscopy.
1 : germinative zone with immature lobules and
spermatogonia
- 2 : lobules with primary or secondary
spermatocytes - 3 : area composed of lobules with
early sperma ds - 4 : late sperma ds or immature
spermatozoa.
 HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
OF THE TESTES GONAD
C) Cross
section of
efferent
duct of
tubular
testis type

(D)
Cross
section of a
lobule; left:
A) Tubular type: Spermatozoa (SZ) are found only in sexual rest,
the apex of tubule and cysts are migrating toward the right:
efferent duct (ED). (B) Lobular type: The spermatoge
spermatozoa (SZ) and cysts are seen throughout the nic activity.
length of tubule and spermatozoa released to a
central lumen.

The two ovaries (O) of tilapia by low
magnification are connected to oviduct (od)
(HE).
General view of the ovary. Fish ovaries are elongate
structures oriented longitudinally within the abdominal
cavity. This part of ovary contains dark previtellogenic
oocytes (1), early vitellogenic oocytes (2) and
two nearly mature oocytes (3). The arrow indicates a
cross sec on through the small intestine.
Like the testes the ovaries are enclosed in a fibrous
connective tissue called tunica albuginea (4).