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SEM. 1 2019/2020
DR NOORHAZLINDA ABD RAHMAN
celindarahman@usm.my
Ext: 6261
LECTURE 2: 30/09/2019
MOMENT OF A FORCE ABOUT
A SPECIFIED AXIS
a'
MOMENT OF AN AXIS (VECTOR
ANALYSIS)
To determine Ma – triple scalar
product is used:
b
1. Compute the moment of F
about any arbitrary point O
that lies on the aa’ -axis.
Using MO = r x F. r = position
vector
(MO acts along the bb’-axis)
directed
2. The component/projection from O to A.
of MO onto the aa’-axis, b'
called Ma is determined by ua = unit
the dot product Ma = MO . ua. vector of aa’-
axis
3. Or simply to determine
moment about an a-axis:
Ma = ua . MO = ua . (r x F). a'
MOMENT OF AN AXIS (VECTOR
ANALYSIS)
To determine Ma – triple scalar
product (continued):
4. In Cartesian form: 6. When Ma is evaluated, it will
yield +ve or –ve scalar. The
sign of this scalar indicates
the sense of direction of Ma
along the aa’-axis.
5. In the form of a
determinant: 7. If +ve, then Ma will have the
same sense as ua, whereas if
–ve, then Ma will act
opposite to ua.
EXAMPLE 3
GIVEN:
A force is applied to the tool
as shown.
FIND:
The magnitude of the moment of
this force about the x axis.
PLAN:
1. Use:
Determine rOA:
B O = (0, 0, 0)
A = (0, 0.3, 0.25)
---------------------
OA = (0, 0.3, 0.25)
rOA = (0.3 j + 0.25 k) m
Determine ux.
C ux = i
Determine Mx.
Find F in Cartesian form. D
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
A F = 200 (cos 120o i + cos 60o j + cos 45o k) 𝑴𝒙 = 0 0.3 0.25
F = (- 100 i + 100 j + 141.4 k) N −100 100 141.4
𝑴𝒙 = 17.4 Nm
CONCEPT QUIZ
The vector operation (P x Q) • R equals _______
A). P x (Q • R). B). R • (P x Q).
C). (P • R) x (Q • R). D). (P x R) • (Q x R).
GIVEN:
The hood of the automobile is
supported by the strut AB, which
exerts a force F = 120 N.
FIND:
The moment of F about the
hinged axis y.
1. Use My = uy • (rAB x F)
2. Find uAB from rAB
3. Find F in Cartesian vector form using uAB.
4. Determine moment about y-axis.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING 3
Determine uAB:
C rAB = −0.6 2 + 0.6 2 + 1.2 2
rAB = 1.470 m
Determine F:
D (−0.6 i + 0.6 j + 1.2 k)
F = 120
1.470
F = (– 49.0 i + 49.0 j + 98.0 k) N
If r = {1 i + 2 j} m and
F = {10 i + 20 j + 30 k} N,
then the moment of F about
the y-axis is ____ N·m.
A). 10 B). -30
C). -40 D). None of the above.
ATTENTION QUIZ
For finding the moment of the force F about the x-axis, the
position vector in the triple scalar product should be________.
A). rAC B). rBA
C). rAB D). rBC
If r = {1 i + 2 j} m and
F = {10 i + 20 j + 30 k} N,
then the moment of F about
the y-axis is ____ N·m.
A). 10 B). -30
C). -40 D). None of the above.
HW: ASSIGNMENT 2.2
Q9 Q10
When you grip a vehicle’s steering wheel with both hands and
turn, a couple moment is applied to the wheel. Would older
vehicles without power steering need larger or smaller steering
wheels?
MOMENT OF A COUPLE
What is COUPLE? That rotation due to a couple is
A couple is a pair of forces that called a couple MOMENT.
have the same magnitude, but
opposite in directions, and Can be determined using scalar or
separated by a perpendicular vector formulation.
distance.
Scalar: M = Fd
Vector: M = r x F
GIVEN:
Two couples act on the beam with
the geometry shown.
FIND:
The magnitude of F so that the
resultant couple moment is 1.5
kN.m clockwise.
PLAN:
1. Add the two couples to find
the resultant couple.
2. Equate the net moment to 1.5
kN.m clockwise to find F.
EXAMPLE 4
Determine F:
B F = 2.33 kN
EXAMPLE 5
GIVEN:
450 N force couple acting on the
pipe assembly.
FIND:
The couple moment in Cartesian
vector notation.
PLAN:
1. Use M = r x F to find the
couple moment.
2. Calculate the cross product
to find M.
EXAMPLE 5
Determine rAB:
A 𝐫AB = 0.4 𝐢
Determine FB:
B 4 3
𝐅B = 0𝐢 + 450 𝐣 − 450 𝐤
5 5
𝐅B = 0𝐢 + 360𝐣 − 270𝐤
C Find couple moment:
𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
𝐌 = 0.4 0 0
0 360 −270
𝐌 = 0𝐢 + 108𝐣 + 144𝐤 N. m
CONCEPT QUIZ
F1 and F2 form a couple. The moment of the couple is given by _______ .
A). r1 x F1 B). r2 x F1
C). F2 x r1 D). r2 x F2
GIVEN:
Two couples act on the beam with
the geometry shown.
FIND:
The resultant couple moment.
For 30 kN (right):
x − comp. : 30 ∗ 3ൗ5 = 18kN
y − comp. : −30 ∗ 4ൗ5 = −24kN
For 15 kN (right):
x − comp. : 15 cos 30° = 13 kN
y − comp. : −15 sin 30° = 7.5 kN
GIVEN:
F = {15 k} N and – F = {– 15 k} N
FIND:
The couple moment acting on the
pipe assembly using Cartesian
vector notation.
Determine rAB:
A B = 0.3, 0.8, 0 m
A = 0.2, 0.3, 0 m
----------------------------------
𝒓AB = 0.1 𝐢 + 0.5 𝐣 + 0 𝐤 m
Determine F:
B 𝐅 = 0 𝐢 + 0 𝐣 + 15 𝐤 N
𝐌 = 7.5 𝐢 – 1.5 𝐣 + 0 𝐤 N. m
ATTENTION QUIZ
1. A couple is applied to the beam as shown. Its moment equals _____
N·m.
A). 50 B). 60
C). 80 D). 100