Landoaldus Kawarnidi

(0110840133)
Preliminary
 A number of diseases are related to eating habits,
lifestyle and environmental factors. The International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) states that
chewing betel nuts has an impact on health and has
the potential to cause cancer. This shows that people
who have the habit of betel betel risk of suffering from
bleeding gums, bad breath, difficulty opening the
mouth and swallowing solid food, and also a burning
sensation in soft tissue and festering sores in the oral
cavity.
Etiology
 Chewing areca nuts can have an impact on dental
caries and has a bad influence which can cause
periodontitis. thus encouraging increased
periodontitis and tooth loss. Possible reasons why
areca can damage periodontal tissue, this is due to the
cholinergic effect of the areca nut along with calcium
salt in saliva which can cause tooth loss. People who
are accustomed to chewing betel nuts have a higher
risk of periodontitis damage than people who rarely
chew betel nuts.
The infection can be found
 Oral squamous cell carcinoma
 Leukoplakia
 Oral Submucous Fibriosis
 Plaque
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
 Definition
 is a malignant tumor of
squamous which tends to
infiltrate the surrounding
tissue and usually cause
metastasis
 Etiology
 Alcohol, chronic disease,
diet and nutrition, fungal
and firus infections,
environmental factor
 Diagnosis
 Clinical
 appearance, general circumstance,
general metastasis, local inspection
by bimanual inspection and
palpation
 Pathology
 changes in cell size and morphology
 Radiology
 USG, CT-Scan, MRI
 Therapy
 Chemotherapy and surgery
Leukoplakia
 Definition
 Chronic macular mucosa is
white which cannot be
characterized clinically and
pathologically compared to
other diseases
 Etiology
 local factor, systemic factor
and nutritional factors
malnutrition
Therapy
 Not surgery
 Wait and observe, Giving
Medication (Topical
Tretinoin), Avoiding the
Causative Factor
 Surgary
 Electrocautery, Cryosurgery
and laser
Prevention
 Reduce Alcohol Consumption
 Quit smoking
 Many consume foods that contain antioxidants such as
spinach or carrots
 Stay away from triggers
Oral submucous fibrosis
 Oral submucous fibrosis is a
condition where there is fibrosis
in the corium mucosa. Although
sometimes preceded or
accompanied by vesicle
formation, this condition is
always associated with a
juxtaepithelial inflammatory
reaction followed by fibroelastic
changes in the lamina propria
with epithelial atrophy which
causes stiffness in the oral
mucosa, causing trismus and
difficulty in eating
Etiology
 areca nut chewing habits can be a trigger for the
occurrence of oral submucous fibrosis. Another factor
that can be a predisposing factor is
 chili
 tobacco
 lemon
 nutritional deficiency
 ineffective iron metabolism
 bacterial infection
 collagen disorders
 immunological disorders, and changes in salivary
composition
Diagnosis Supporting examination
 Based on the clinical picture and history of patients who
have the habit of chewing betel nut. International
agreements state that one of the following three clinical
features can guide the diagnosis of oral submucosal fibrosis
 Touchable fibrous band
 Slime texture feels hard and rough
 Pale mucosa accompanied by histopathologic features of oral
submucosal fibrosis
 Histopathological examination by biopsy with hematoxylin
and eosin staining provides a more definitive and
important diagnosis in relation to the relationship of oral
submucosal fibrosis with oral cancer.
Therapy
 Drug Therapy:
 Steroids
 Extract Placenta
 Hyaluronidase
 Lycopen
 Vit E
 Inj. Vasdilator
 Surgical Therapy
 Conventional
 Laser
 Cryosurgery
 Physiotherapy
 Diathermy
Plaque
 Definition:
 Soft deposits accumulate in the teeth
 Consists of leukocytes, macrophages, extracellular matrix,
and organic components
 Etiology:
 Anaerobic metabolism produces acids causing:
 Tooth surface demineralization
 Gum irritation around the teeth - ginggivitis
 Plaque - mineralized – calculus
Diagnosis
 The liquid dye is dripped on cotton wool
 Smeared on all tooth surfaces
 Gargle with water or coloring
 Leave in mouth 15-30 seconds.
 Therapy :
 Brushing teeth regularly and correctly
 Gargle of Khlorehexidin 0.2%
 Adjust your diet
 Avoid precipitating factors
CONCLUSION
 The habit of chewing betel nut cannot be separated
from the belief of people who believe that chewing
betel nut can provide pleasure like people smoke, as an
activity in their free time, can eliminate the breath,
smell of betel nut because of hereditary and there are
people who believe it can strengthen teeth, but in
reality it actually conversely, dental health becomes
disrupted as a result of teeth are not intact even there
are irregular, missing teeth, dental caries and teeth
color that turns black. Minimal public knowledge of
dental health is likely to be the cause of damage to
teeth.
Thank you