Relations and Functions

Relation
• a rule that relates values from a set (domain) to a second set of values
(range)
• set of ordered pairs (x,y)

Function
• is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
value in the range by some rule
• no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-values
• usually represented by the equation y = f(x)
Function as a Machine

f
Writing a Function

“f of x is equal to 2x.”
Example:
Function Rule: Multiply each input by 3.
Function:
f(x) = 3x or y = 3x

Input (x) Function Rule Output (y)

-1 x3 -3
0 x3 0
1 x3 3
2 x3 6
3 x3 9
Write the function which represents the given
table of values.
Input (x) Output (y)
-1 -1
0 1
1 3 Ans.

2 5 y = 2x+1
3 7
Functions and Relations can be
represented using:

1. Ordered pairs
2. Equation
3. Mapping Diagram
4. Graph
Example 1: Determine if the set of ordered pairs
is a function or relation.
a.) f = { (1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5) }
- Function
b.) g = { (1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7) }
- Relation
c.) h = { (1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12),… }
- Function
d.) i = { (7,±4), (5,6), (8,-5), (,3,5) }
- Relation
Example 2: Determine if the given mapping diagram
represents a function.
1.)

FUNCTION
“One-to-One” Relationship
2.)

FUNCTION
“Many-to-One” Relationship
3.)

RELATION
“One-to-Many” Relationship
Graph the following:
A = { (9,-3), (4,-2), (1,-1), (0,0), (1,1), (4,2), (9,3) }
B = { (1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2), (5,1), (6,0) }
Graph of Functions and Relations
A = { (9,-3), (4,-2), (1,-1), (0,0), (1,1), (4,2), (9,3) }
B = { (1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2), (5,1), (6,0) }
Vertical Line Test
• A graph represents a function if and only if each
vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

Relation Function
Polynomial Function
a function with the form:
f(x) = anx n + an-1x n-1 + an-2x n-2 +…+ a1x + a0
where a is any real number and n is a whole number

Examples:
f(x) = 3x2 + 4x +1
g(x) = 5x4 – 2
y = 6x3 – 2x
Types of polynomial functions:
1. CONSTANT FUNCTIONS: f(x) = b 3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS:
Ex. f(x) = 3 f(x) = ax2+bx+c
g(x) = -5 Ex. f(x) = x2
y=½ g(x) = 4 - x2
2. LINEAR FUNCTIONS: f(x) = mx + b y = x2+2x+1
Ex. f(x) = 3x + 2
g(x) = 5x – 4
3
y= 𝑥 -9
4
Domain and Range of a Function
Domain
is the set of x-values for which the function
is defined.

Range
is the set of y-values for which the function
is defined.
f(x) = 3
g(x) = -5

y=½
f(x) = 3x + 2 g(x) = 5x – 4

3
y= 𝑥-9
4
f(x) = x2 g(x) = 4 - x2

y = x2+2x+1
Which of the following equations represents a
function? Identify the domain and range for each
relation using set builder notation.

1. f(x) = -2x + 1
2
2. y = x – 2x + 1
3. y = 𝑥
2
4. y = x
Which of the following
equations represents a Answers:
function? 1. function
Identify the domain and D= {x| x ϵ R}, R={y| y ϵ R}
range for each relation
using set builder notation. 2. function
D= {x| x ϵ R}, R={ y | y ≥ 0}
1. f(x) = -2x + 1 3. function
2
2. y = x – 2x + 1 D={x| xϵR, x≥ 0}, R={y|y ≥ 0}
4. relation
3. y = 𝑥 D={x|x ϵ R, x ≥ 0}, R={y | y ϵ R}
2
4. y = x
Functions as representations of real-life situations:
1. Dany pays for 150 pesos per hour in a videoke hub.
2. Arya charges Php 50 per hour for mowing lawns.
3. The entrance fee to a movie house is Php 50. Each
movie costs Php 75. Express the total cost as f(x).
4.Sansa charges Php 200 per hour for coaching, with a
minimum charge of Php 300. Express the amount she
earns as f(x). How much will she earn after coaching
for 5 hours?
Activity 1: Writing Functions
1. A flower boutique sells roses
for Php 45 each. Write a
function that represents the
total cost of roses bought by a
customer.
2. A tree grows 20cm every year,
so the height of the tree is related
to its age.
a.) Write the function.
b.) Find the height of the tree if its
age is 5 years.
3. Jon Snow has an internet service
that currently has a monthly access
fee of Php 1,000 and a connection
fee of Php 50 per hour. Represent
her monthly cost as a function of
connection time.
4. Cersei goes to Boom-na-Boom
theme park where he pays Php
10.00 admission and Php 5.00 per
ride.
a.) Write a function that describes
this situation where f(x) is the total
amount of expenses.
b.) Find the amount Cersei spent
after riding 12 rides.
Group Activity:
1. A rectangular garden is enclosed by 60 m of
fencing. Write a function that represents the
enclosed area, in terms of x.
2. The LTFRB said the flag down rate in taxi
would be Php 40,with an additional
Php13.50 for every kilometer thereafter.
Give function C that represents the amount
of money paid for every x kilometers
travelled.
Piecewise Functions
•A piecewise function is defined by
two or more functions over a
specified domain.
Sketch the graph of the given piecewise functions.
𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
a. 𝑓(𝑥) =ቊ
−𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 1
What is f(2)?

𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = ቊ 2
−𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
What is f(-4)?
Example 1:

A chocolate bar costs P40 per piece.

However, if you buy more than 10 pieces,
they will be marked down to a price of P35
per piece. Use a piecewise function to
represent the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought.
Example 2. A user is charged P300 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 100 free
text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are
charged P1 each.

a) Represent the amount consumer pays each

month as a function of the number of messages
t(m) sent in a month.
b) Find the amount paid if the consumer has sent
a total of 125 messages.
3. A jeepney ride costs P8 for the first 4
kilometers and each additional kilometer adds
P1.50 to the fare.

a.)Use a piecewise function to represent the

jeepney fare in terms of the distance (d) in
kilometers.

b.) Find the cost if the jeepney traveled a

distance of 8 kilometers.
4. For their presentation in an event, a group of STEM students hires a
dance choreographer who charges Php 250.00 per hour, on top of her
service call of Php 400.00.
Write a function that describes this situation.
Group Activity:
• 1. A videoke machine can be rented for Php 1,500 for three days, but
for the fourth day onwards, an additional cost of Php 400 per day is
added. Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a
piecewise function of the number of days it is rented and plot its
graph.
• 2. A computer shop charges 20 pesos per hour for the first two hours
and an additional 10 pesos per hour for each succeeding hour.
Represent your computer rental fee using the function R(t)where t is
the number of hours you spent on the computer.
Performance Task: Group of 4 students
Provide a 5 real-life example or scenario that can be expressed as piecewise function.
Rubrics:
Problem
Construction
10 (Situation is clearly
stated and grammatically
correct.)
8(Situation is slightly clear
as stated and
grammatically correct.)
6(Situation is not clearly
stated )
Visual Representation Function Notation Graph Creativity/ Reality
10 ( Provides clear visual 5 (Scenario is correctly 10 (Provides table 15 (Creative and unique
representation /picture of translated into function of values; situation and
the scenario that applies notation.) manually and application of the
technology ) digitally graph the scenario in daily life)
function)
98( Provides clear visual 4(Scenario is translated 8(Provides table 10 ( Similar situation
representation /picture of into function notation.) of values; and application of the
the scenario) manually graph scenario in daily life)
the function)
6( Provides not so clear 3(Scenario is translated 6(Provides table 5 ( Internet based
visual representation into function notation of values; digitally situation and
/picture of the scenario) with minor correction) graph the application of the
function) scenario in daily life)

Printed, long bond paper, Cover Page (PHS-SHS, Subject, Performance Task 1, Name of Members,
Section, Teacher)
STEM A-RED,STEM B- ORANGE, STEM C- YELLOW,STEM D- GREEN,
TVL A-BLUE,TVL B-VIOLET