CLAIMS AND SUPPORT

JOHN RICHARD BARBECHO MORENO, LPT

 CLAIMS IN PROPOSITION
• Claims are the inherently vital points affirmed by the affirmative and denial by
the negative
• Points to consider:
1. Claims are inherent in a proposition
- Every proposition contains a claim
2. Claims are vital points
- They serve as the foundation or structure of the proposition ; the establishment
of the proposition depends on them
3. Claims are those affirmed by the affirmative and denied by the negative
- They are the cause of the exchange of intellectual blows between disputants
• The crime of adultery consists of three elements. These elements
are claims that the complainant must prove and which the
defendant will disprove or demolish. Unless the elements or claims
of adultery are proven with sufficient evidence, the case will be
dismissed on the basis of lack of evidence. The case of adultery will
prosper on proving beyond reasonable doubt these elements or
claims.
• Elements of Adultery
1. The woman is married,
2. The woman has sexual intercourse with a man not her husband,
3. The man with whom the woman has sexual intercourse , must
know her to be married.
• Elements of forcible abduction:
1. The person abducted is any woman, regardless of
her age, civil status, or reputation,
2. The abduction is against her will,
3. The abduction is with lewd designs.
 KINDS OF CLAIMS
• Potential claims
- Are inherently vital points contained in the
proposition that the debaters should discover ,
discuss, and establish to come out with a strong
case.
• Stock claims
- Are always involved in a proposition of policy
- These stock claims are necessity, beneficiality,
and praticability
 STOCK CLAIMS
• Necessity
- Requires that the proposed policy or measure are extremely
needed given the present situation or condition.
• Beneficiality
- Requires that the proposed policy or measure will benefit the
intended subjects or people
• Practicability
- Suggests that the proposed policy or measure is possible of
fulfillment considering moral, social, cultural, economic, and
political environment
RESOLVED THAT, JUETENG BE
LEGALIZED
 SUPPORT
• Support consists of evidences and
motivational appeals to prove the truth,
validity, or wisdom of the claims and
consequently establish or disprove the main
proposition.
• Without support claims are meaningless
and unbelievable
 EVIDENCE
• EVIDENCE in the legal parlance refers to
‘’all the means by which any alleged
matter of fact, the truth of which is
submitted to investigation at judicialtrial, is
established or disproved.”
• In ordinary sense, evidence pertains to
‘’something that tends to prove.’’
• Evidence is constructive or destructive
 TYPES OF EVIDENCE
• Facts
- Factual evidences are expressed in (1) examples and (2) statistics
- Examples could either be (1) categorical and (2) hypothetical
• Opinions
- Opinions are basically interpretations of facts by the debater himself
or by quoting the interpretation of an expert on the subject matter.
- Opinions are classified into three:
1. Causal Connection
2. Prediction
3. Solution-making
 MOTIVATIONAL APPEALS
• Motivational appeals aim to persuade the
audience to act in accordance with the wish
of the speaker.
• To move the audience towards the speaker’s
cause, he must appeal to their:
1. Needs
2. Values
 EVALUATION OF FACTUAL
EVIDENCE
• Is the evidence relevant? Are the facts given in evidence
connected or related to the claim to be proved?
• Are the evidence adequate enough to establish and prove
the claim?
• Is the evidence credible or has the quality that will make it
believable? Is the evidence up to date?
• Are the examples representative of the whole?
• Are the examples in conformity with human experiences?
 EVALUATION OF STATISTICS
•Is the statistics up to date? Relevant?
Credible?
•Are the comparisons being shown by
statistics between comparable things?
•Has any statistical information been
suppressed?
 EVALUATION OF OPINIONS

•Is the opinion relevant to the claims?

•Is the source of the opinion an expert
or specialist on the subject?
•Is the source of the opinion biased or
prejudiced? Is he credible?
•Is the opinion sufficient to prove the
claims?
 EVALUATION OF APPEALS

•Are the appeals relevant to the

claims?
•Are the appeals decent and proper?
•Is the evidence related to the needs
and values of the audience?