Motivation

SUBMITTED BY – SUBMITTED TO –
PAYAL KUMAWAT MRS. JYOTSANA MEHTA
MBA SEMESTER I
 Definition
“Motivation means a process
of stimulating people to action
to accomplished desired goals”
 Features of Motivation
Motivation is an internal feeling, that is, it defines the
psychological state of a person. It is a continuous process and
we should make sure that it is not disturbed. A person should
be encouraged completely. Motivation consists of three
interacting and dependent elements −

• Needs − The requirements or deficiency which is created

whenever there is physiological imbalance.
• Drives − The various camps or events organized to motivate
the employees and give them new opportunities.
• Incentives − Employees need to be rewarded for their nice
work in order to keep them encouraged.
Primary Motives

Primary motives are essential for survival.

They must be satisfied first before we can
take up any other activity. Primary motives
come to action when the physiological
balance of the body is upset. This balance
is called homeostasis.
Secondary Motives:
Human life has not only just biological aspect but also social
aspect. Hence human behaviour is activated by the following social
motives.

1. Achievement motives
2. Affiliation motives
3. Aggression motives
4. Power motives
5. Curiosity motives.
These are also called social motives since they develop as a result
of relationships with people.
Importance of Motivation

Helps in satisfying needs of the Employees

Change the negative attitude to Positive attitude

Reduce labor turnover

Reduce absenteeism

Helps in introducing changes

Improves level of efficiency of employees

Creating friendly and supportive relationship

 Types of Motivation
Positive motivation Negative motivation

Monetary motivation Non-Monetary motivation

Types of Motivation theories

Content theories Process theories Reinforcement theory

How people give

Human needs and how How people’s behavior is
meaning to rewards and
people with different influenced by
make decisions on
needs may respond to various work-related environmental
different work situations. behaviors. consequences.
 Motivation
Theories

Traditional Content Process

theories theories theories

Fear and
Punishment Maslow’s
Hierarchy needs Equity theory
Theory

Herzberg two Expectancy

Reward Theory factor theory theory

Carrot and Stick Alderfer’s ERG Goal-setting

Theory theory theory

MC. Gregors
theory X and Y

Mc Clellands
Three need
theory
Fear and Punishment Theory

• Managers developed a strategy of

forcing people to work by
threatening to punish or dismiss
them or cut their rewards if they
did not work well.

• This philosophy is characterized by

thinking of aggressiveness and
authorities managers

• Their was a tight control and rigid

supervision over workers.
 Reward Theory
• This theory tried to establish a
direct relationship between
efforts and rewards.

• Bases of Piece rate system of

wages

• Based on the standard

manager should decide on
degree of rewards and
penalties
 Carrot and Stick Theory
• This theory suggest a combination of both rewards and penalties
for motivation

• This is based on the strategy of putting carrot in the front of the

donkey and hitting it with the stick from behind so it has to run

• Carrot refers to the incentives

• Stick refer to the penalties

 Maslow’s Theory of Motivation
• Abraham Maslow is well renowned for
proposing the Hierarchy of Needs
Theory in 1943.
• Maslow was of the view that needs have
priority, i.e., needs are satisfied in an
order.
• As soon as the lower level needs are
satisfied. Those on the next higher level
emerge.
• Thus, he considered an individual's
motivation behavior as a predetermined Abraham Maslow
order of needs.
Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Self-
Actualization
need

Esteem Needs

Social needs

Safety needs

Basic/ Physiological Needs

 ERG theory

– Developed by Clayton Alderfer.

– Three need levels:
• Existence needs — desires for physiological and
material well-being.
• Relatedness needs — desires for satisfying
interpersonal relationships.
• Growth needs — desires for continued psychological
growth and development.
 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

• In 1959, Frederick Herzberg,

a behavioral scientist
proposed a two-factor theory
or the motivator-hygiene
theory.

• According to Herzberg, there

are some job factors that
result in satisfaction while
there are other job factors
that prevent dissatisfaction.
 Two-Factor Theory
(Frederick Herzberg)
Hygiene factors

Motivators
Herzberg’s two-factor theory.
David McClelland’s Theory of Needs,
McGregor :Theory X and Theory Y

• In 1960, Douglas
McGregor formulated
Theory X and Theory Y
suggesting two aspects of
human behavior at work

• According to McGregor,
the perception of managers
on the nature of individuals
is based on various DOUGLAS MCGREGOR
assumptions.
Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)