Group Two

What is Political Science?

• it is defind as the study of the state and

the government
• It comes from the greek word polis which
means city state and cencia which means
knowledge or study
Stages in studying Political Science
• Religious stage- the government, its leaders
and laws was considered as devine or devinely
inspired.
• Metaphysical stage- the state was considered
as a human constitution and it is therfore
absolute (cannot be changed)
• Modern stage- the state was demmed capable
of being improved by rulers and subjects
according to certain principles and laws
 Development of Political Science
• Aristotle
-wrote "politics",the first systematic work on
political affairs.
• Niccolo Machiavilli
-wrote "the prince", a handbook for rulers in
the art of government
• Prof. Frances Licher
-wrote"manual of pilolitical ethnics", the first
systematic creative in political science
 What is a State?
A group of persons,more or less
numerous,permanently occupying a definite
portion of territory, independent or external
control, an processing a government to
which a great body of inhibitants render
habitual obedience.
 Elements of State

• people
• territory
• government
• sovereignty
Difference betweeen nation and a state

STATE is a legal or juristic concept, while

NATION is an ethnic or racial concept.
• NASCI - to be born indicates a relation of
birth or origin and implies a common race.
• Thus, a nation may comprise several states
,
• Example: Egypt, Iraq, Saudi, Lebanon,
Jordan, etc. belong to Arab Nation.
Difference betweeen nation and a state

It also possible for a single state to be made

up of more than one nation.
e.g. US which was the " melting pot " of
many nations that were eventually combined
into the "American nation".
A. People

• Different meanings as used in the 1987

• CONSTITUTION:
-Inhabitants (sec.2, Art III; sec.1, Art.XIII);
-Citizens ( secs. 1&4,Art II: sec.7,art.III);
-Electors (sec. 4, art, VII)
• As a requisite for Statehood, there
should be an endequate number for self
sufficiency and defense ; of both sexes
for perpetuity
Citizen
• A people bound together by common
attractions and repulsions into a living
organism possessed of a common pulse,
a common intelligence and inspiration, and
destined apparently to have a common
fate (Malcom)
 Difference between Citizenship and
Nationality

Citizenship Nationality
• Legal or juristic • Ethnic or racial
• Can be changed • Absolute, Innate
or taken - back
B. Territory
The National Territory
Sec. 1, art. 1: The national territory
comprises the philippine archipelago, with all
the islands and waters embraced therein,
and all other territories over which the
Philippines has sovereignity or jurisdiction,
consisting of it's terrestrial, fluvial and aerial
domains, including it's territorial sea, the sea
bed, the sub soil, the insular shelves, and
other submarine areas."
 Components of Philippine Territory
• terrestrial = land
• fluvial = internal waters
• aerial domains = aerospace
• Marine = external waters both surface and
sub - aquatic
C. Goverment
• agency or instrumentality through which
the will of the State is Formulated,
expressed and realize
• Our Constitution, how ever, requires our
goverment to be democratic and
republican
C. Goverment
• Section 1, art ll. The Philippine is a
democratic and republican state.
Sovereignity resides in the people and all
goverment authority emanates from them.
REPUBLICAN
• it is one wherein all goverment authority
emanates from the people and is
exercised by representatives chosen by
the people
C. Goverment
• DEMOCRATIC
• This emphasizes that the Philippines has
some aspects of direct democracy such as
initiative and referendum.
D. Sovereinity
• The supreme and uncrontrollable innate in
a State by which that State is governed.
• Soverenity resides in the people and all
government authority emanates fromm
them. (Sec. I Art. II)
Sovereinity vs. Independence
Sovereinity is the broader term
Two aspects:
• Internal- freedom of the State to manage
its own affairs.
• External- freedom of the State to direct its
foreign affairs.
Sovereinity vs. Independence
Independence is synonymous with external
sovereinity
• power of the State manage its external
affairs without direction or inference form
anpother State.
Duties of the State
• Peace and Order
• Political Harmony (Good Laws)
• Social Justice
• Economic Development
Theories of State Origin
• Divine Theory- the state is of divine origin, all
political authority emanates from God.
• Social Contract Theory- this tery states that
men agreed among themselves to live under
one civil society to body politic. A person
surrendered his natural liberty but gained in
return the protection and civil rights guaranteed
by the government.
• Force Theory- the state has arisen through
sheer force; a tribe conquering other tribes to
form a kindom.