TYPES OF

FOUNDATION

GUIDED BY-
PROFF. HUMA AFRIN
FOUNDATION
 Foundation is that part of structure which
transfers the entire load of the structure to
the soil in which it rests.
 The ground surface in contact with the lower
surface of the foundation is called the base of
foundation or footing.
 The ground on which the foundation rests is
called sub grade or foundation soil.
MAJOR BUILDING PART
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
 Two types of foundation SHALLOW and
DEEP.
 Depends upon the load transfer is at deeper
depth or at shallower depth.
 These types are needed because of-
1)Soil strength
2)Ground water condition
3)Foundation loads
 SHALLOW FOUNDATION
 If the depth of foundation is equal or less than
its width.
 Foundations laid up of a depth 3m may be
regarded as shallow foundation.
 May be classified into four types
1)Spread footing
2)Combined footing
3)Strap footing
4)Mat or raft footing
SPREAD FOOTING
 It is a type of footing which supports either
one wall or one column. It spreads the super
imposed load over a larger area .a spread
foundation may be of two type-
1)Strip foundation
2)Stepped foundation
COMBINED FOOTING
 Combined footing is provided when the two
columns are placed close to each other.
 It reduces the construction cost and provides
a better transferring of loads’
 A combined footing is so proportioned that
the centre of gravity of the supporting area is
in line with the centre of gravity of the two
column loads.
 A combined footing may be in rectangular or
trapezoidal shape.
 Rectangular shape is only possible where
loading condition is such that either the two
columns are equally loaded or the interior
column carries greater load.
 In the case of trapezoidal footing, no such
condition is applicable.
STRAP FOOTING
 Whenever, independent footings of two
columns are connected by beam, it is called
as a strap footing.
 It is generally provided whenever the distance
between the column is large.
MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION

 It is a combined footing that covers the entire

area beneath a structure and supports all the
walls and columns.
 In this, foundation and rcc slab or without
beam of suitable thickness with suitable
reinforcement is provided, over which walls
and columns constructed.
 When the soil is very poor, large area is
required for the foundation ,which extends
over the full plan dimension of the building.
 Softy clay or marshy site having low value of
bearing capacity, heavy concentrated loads
are supported by raft foundation. it is used in
mining area because of uncertain behavior of
soil.raft foundation provides an economical
solution to difficult soil condition.
It consist of thick concrete slab
covering the entire area of bottom
structure like a floor. The slab is
reinforced with barsrunning at right
angles to each other both near bottom
and top face of the slab
DEEP FOUNDATION

 Deep foundation is distinguish from shallow

foundation by depth.
 There are many reasons that a deep
foundation recommended over a shallow
foundation but some of those reasons are
1) Very large design loads
2) Hard strata is not available at shallow depth
3) Low bearing capacity of soil
4) Site condition
 Deep foundation is divided into three
categories –
1) PILE FOUNDATION
a) end bearing pile
b) friction pile
c) settlement reducing pile
d) tension pile
e) laterally loaded piles
f) piles in fills
2) UNDER REAMED PILE FOUNDATION
3) PIERS FOUNDATION
UNDER REAMED PILE
FOUNDATION
 Piles are relatively long, slender member that
transmit foundation load through soil of low
bearing capacity to deeper rock having a high
bearing capacity.
 Piles are also used to anchor structures
against uplift forces.
 An under reamed pile is a pile of shallow
depth having one bulb at its lower end.
 If the bulb is taken at a level lower than the
critical depth of the moisture movement in
expansive soil, the foundation will be
anchored to ground and it would not move
with the movement of soil.
 The diameter of pile varies from 1t5cm to 50
cm depending upon the situation and should
be properly spaced from 2-4meter.
 Special under remaining tool area Available
with the help of which these may be bored at
site, and then concreted. They are normally
reinforced to take up tensions.
UNDER REAMED PILE FOUNDATION
PILE FOUNDATION
 A slender structural member consist steel or
concrete or timber. it is installed in the ground to
transfer the structural load to the ground .
1)END OR POINT BEARING PILE
FOUNDATION-
 If the hard strata is present at the site in a
reasonable depth pile can be extended to rock
surface.
 Here, the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile
entirly depends on the underlying materials ;
thus this is called end bearing pile.
2) FRICTION PILES –
 In this type of piles, the pile obtain a grater
part of their carrying capacity by skin friction
or adhesion.
 This tends to occur when piles do not reach
an impenetrable stratum but are driven for
some distance into a penetrable soil.
 Their carrying capacity is derived partly from
the end bearing and partly from the skin
friction between the embedded surface of
pile and surrounding soil.
PIER FOUNDATION

 When the soil is sandy or soft, overlying hard

bed at reasonable depth, pier foundation are
used to transfer the load.
 This method consist in sinking vertical shafts
upto hard bed and filling them with concrete.
 The diameter of shaft and their centre to
centre spacing depend upon the loading
condition, nature of soil and depth at which
the hard bed is situated.
 To prevent the side earth from falling in ,the
inside of the shaft is sometimes lined with
timber.
 The timber lining is removed during the filling
up of the shaft with concrete.
 The shafts are connected to each other by
reinforced cement concrete.
 Concrete cap is build in the form of arch.
Pier foundation
 OMAIMA MAQSOOD
 PANKAJ KUMAR GUPTA
 PHUNTSOK CHOEPEL
 PRATIKSHA PRATAPRAO LINGAYAT
 PRINCE KUMAR SAURAV
 PRIYANKA KASHYAP
 PRIYANSHI
 RAGINI IYER
 RIWDDHORWITA KHAN
 SANJAY MANHAR
 SAUMYA SHRIVASTAVA
THANKYOU!