ANALYSIS, DESIGN &MODELLING OF A

MULTI-STOREY COMMERCIAL
BUILDING

BY
M.SUDHEER
C.SWATHI REDDY
S.YASEEN

UNDER THE
GUIDANCE OF:
M.CHANDRAIAH
 CONTENTS

Plan

Preliminary design

Analysis

Design

Modelling
MULTI STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING (G+4) PLAN
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET’S AND INCHES
Column positioning
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN

The main objective of the preliminary design is to fix

the various structural elements of the building such as
slabs, beams ,& columns.It is required to fix up the
dimensions to know self weights of the elements before
taking up analysis of the frame.Preliminary design
involves the determination of the form of structure ,the
material of the structure ,sizing of the elements
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SLAB

Calculations :

Dimensions of slab = 3.05m×3.05m

Grade of concrete = M20

Grade of steel = Fe415

Edge conditions: Two adjacent Edges Discontinuous

Thickness of slab:

Assume effective depth of slab, d = 120 mm

Effective span:

Shorter direction, Lx = 3.05+d= 3.05+0.12 = 3.17m

Longer direction, Ly = 3.05+d= 3.05+0.12 = 3.17m

Ly/Lx =3.17/3.17 =1 (two-way slab)

Loads:
Dead load on slab = 0.12×1×25 = 3KN/m
Live load = 4×1 =4 KN/m
Floor finishes = 1×1 = 1KN/m
Partition load = 1×1 = 1KN/m
Total load W = 3+4+1+1 = 9 KN/m
Factored load Wu = 1.5×9= 13.5KN/m

As per IS: 456-2000(Clause D.2.1),

the bending moment coefficients are αx αy
-Ve moment at continuous edge 0.047 0.047
+Ve moment at mid-span 0.035 0.035
Negative B.M at continuous edge in shorter span = αxWlx2
= 0.047×13.5×3.172 = 6.37 KNm
Positive B.M at mid-span in shorter span = αxWlx2
= 0.035×13.5×3.172 = 4.74 KNm
Negative B.M at edge in longer span = αyWlx2
= 0.047× 13.5×3.172 = 6.37 KNm
Positive B.M at mid-span in longer span = αyWlx2
= 0.035×13.5×3.172= 4.74 KNm
Maximum bending moment = 6.37 KNm
Effective depth required d = (M/0.138fckb)1/2
=(6.37×106/0.138×20×1000)1/2
= 48.04mm < 120 mm
From deflection point of view provide 120 mm as overall depth of slab
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF BEAM

Calculation:
Span of beam=3.05+2×0.3/2=3.35m
Grade of concrete=M20
Grade of steel=Fe415
Assume dimensions of the beam as 300mm×300mm
Effective area of slab coming onto the beam
=(1/2×3.35×1.675)×2
=5.611m2
Load calculations
Dead load of slab=0.12×25=3KN/m2
Live load on slab=4.0 KN/ m2
Floor finishes=1 KN/ m2
Total load=8 KN/ m2
Load transferred from slab to beam=8×5.611=44.9 KN
Self weight of beam=0.3×0.3×3.35×25=7.53 KN
Weight of wall on beam=0.3×3.35×3.5×18=63.315 KN
Total load = 44.97+7.53+63.315= 115.75 KN
Factored load =1.5×115.75=172.125 KN
Factored load acting on beam=172.125/3.35=51.38 KN/m
Maximum bending moment = (51.38×3.35×3.35)/10=57.66 KNm
Effective depth required=(M/ (0.138fckb))1/2
=(57.66 / (0.138×20×300) )1/2=263mm
Assume nominal cover =25mm
Assume diameter of bar =12mm
Provide overall depth of beam =263+25+6=294mm
Hence the dimensions of the beam are 300mm×300mm
Assume size of the column=300mm×350mm
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF COLUMN
Unit weight of concrete=25 KN/m2

Unit weight of masonry=18 KN/m2

Effective area of slab coming onto the column

= (1.525+1.525) × (1.525+0.762)

=6.97 m2

Weight of slab=0.12×25=3 KN/m2

Floor finishes=1 KN/m2

Dead load=4 KN/m2

Dead load from slab=4×6.97=27.90 KN/m2

Self weight of beam per floor

= (1.525+0.762) ×0.3×0.3×25+(1.525+1.525) ×0.3×0.3×25 = 12 KN

Dead load = 27.90+12=39.9KN

Self weight of column

Dead load from remaining floors= (100.87+39.9) ×4

=563.00KN ~ 565 KN

Live load from roof. =2×6.97= 13.95KN

Live load from floors =4×6.97= 28 KN

Total live load on bottom most column

= (4×(28+13.95)) × (1-0.3)

=117.46 KN

=117.5 KN

Total load = (39.88+565+39.4+101)= 761.78 KN

Factored load=1.5×761.78= 1142.67 KN

Assume percentage of reinforcement as 2% of gross area

Pu =0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc

1142.67×1000=0.4×20× (Ag-0.02Ag) + 0.67×415×0.02Ag

 Analysis of a frame

1.Calculation of loads that are imposed on to the respective beams and

convert them into U.D.L. The different loads effective on to the beams are
slab load ,floor finish ,wall load ,load of the beam and live load.

2.Calculation of fixed end moments.

3.Calculation of Rotation factors.

4.Calculation of Displacement factors if sway in the frame exists.

5.Place the R.F, Fixed end moments in the exact pattern for iterating moment
contributions also, displacement contributions if sway exists.

6.After we have obtained approximately same values for successive

iterations ,then calculate the final end moments.
Bending moments of Frame 1 using STAAD .pro
Kani’s method iterations
Comparison values of Bending moments
CALCULATIONS:
Design of structural elements
Dimensions of slab = 3.05 x 3.05 m

Grade of concrete = M20

Grade of steel = Fe415

Edge conditions: Two adjacent edge is discontinuous

Thickness of slab:

Assume effective depth of slab, d = 120 mm

Effective span:

Shorter direction, Lx = 3.05+d= 3.05+0.12 = 3.17m

Longer direction, Ly =3.05+d= 3.05+0.12 = 3.17m

L /L =3.17/3.17=1 < 2 (two-way slab)

y x

Loads:

Dead load on slab = 0.12×1×25 = 3KN/m

Live load =4×1 =4 KN/m

Floor finishes = 1×1 = 1KN/m

As per IS: 456-2000(Clause D.2.1),

The bending moment coefficients are αx αy

-Ve moment at continuous edge 0.047 0.047

+Ve moment at mid-span 0.035 0.035

Negative B.M at continuous edge in shorter span = αxWlx2

= 0.047×13.5×3.17 = 6.37KNm
2

Positive B.M at mid-span in shorter span = αxWlx2

=0.035×13.5×3.17 = 4.74KNm
2

Negative B.M at edge in longer span = αyWlx2

= 0.047× 13.5×3.17 = 6.37KNm

2

Positive B.M at mid-span in longer span = αyWlx2

= 0.035×13.5×3.17 = 6.37KNm
2

Maximum bending moment = 6.37KNm

Effective depth required (d )= (M/0.138f b)1/2

ck

= (6.37×10 /0.138×20×1000)1/2
6

= 48.04mm < 120 mm

 M=0.87×fy×A ×d[1-(A ×fy/fck×b×d)]
st st

6.37×106=0.87×415×A ×120[1-(A ×415/20×1000×120)]

st st

A = 150.96 mm
st
2

• Minimum steel reinforcement = 0.12% x b x D

=0.12/100 x 1000 x 120 = 144 mm

2

· Let us consider 8mm bars

• Spacing of 8mm dia. Bars = π×8 ×1000/4×150.96= 333.002 mm

2

Consider least of it

1. 300 mm

2. 3d =3 x 120 =360mm
 M=0.87×fy×A ×d(1-A ×fy/fck×b×d)
st st

4.74×106=0.87×415×A ×120[1-(A ×415/20×1000×120)]

st st

A = 111.6 mm
st
2

• Minimum steel reinforcement = 0.12% x b x D

=0.12/100 x 1000 x 120 = 144 mm

2

· Let us consider 8mm bars

• Spacing of 8mm dia. Bars = π/4×8 ×1000×111.6 = 450.44 mm

2

Consider least of it

1. 300 mm

2. 3d =360mm
 6.37×106=0.87×415×Ast×120[1-(Ast×415/20×1000×120)]

Ast = 150.96 mm2

• Minimum steel reinforcement = 0.12% x b x D

=0.12/100 x 1000 x 120 = 144 mm2

Let us consider 8mm bars

• Spacing of 8mm dia. Bars = π×82×1000/4×150.96 = 333.002 mm

Consider least of it

1. 300 mm

2. 3d = 360mm
 M=0.87×fy×A ×d(1-A ×fy/fck×b×d)
st st

4.74×106=0.87×415×A ×120[1-(A ×415/20×1000×120)]

st st

A = 111.6 mm
st
2

• Minimum steel reinforcement = 0.12% x b x D

=0.12/100 x 1000 x 120 = 144 mm

2

· Let us consider 8mm bars

• Spacing of 8mm dia. Bars = π×8 ×1000/4×111.6=450.44mm

2

Consider least of it

1. 300 mm

2. 3d = 360mm

3. 300 mm
 V = W L / 2 =(13.5 × 3.17)/2=21.4 KN
u

τv =V /bd =21.4×10 /1000×120=0.178

u
3

P = A × 100/ bd =100×150.96/1000×120 =0.126

t st

From IS 456-2000

τC=0.28 N/mm 2

τC >

τv

(no shear reinforcement is required)

Check for deflection:

For continuous slab( L/d) allowable =26

P = A × 100/ bd = 0.1258
t st

F = 0.58 f [Ast required /Ast provided]

s y
Modification factor =2.00

L/d allowable =2.0× 26 = 52

L/d actual = 3170/96 = 33.02

(L/d)actual < (L/d) allowable (Hence, safe and ok)

 Effective cover = 20 mm

Effective depth = 450-20=430 m

Bending moment at end A = 85.74 KN-m

Bending moment at end B = 20.02 KN-m

Bending moment at mid section = 113.76 KN-m

REINFORCEMENT AT END A:

Bending moment=Mu = 85.74 KN-m

M =0.36(X /d) (1-0.42( X /d))bd f

u lim u max u max
2
ck

Where, ( Xu max/d)=0.48

M = (0.36 x 0.48) (1-(0.42 x 0.48)) x 300 x 430 x 20

u lim 2

M = 153.05 KN-m
u lim

M >M
u lim u

Hence beam is singly reinforced beam M=0.87×fy×Ast×d(1-Ast×fy/fck×b×d)

6
 A
st provided = 4 x 201.06 = 804.24 mm 2

REINFORCEMENT AT END B:

Bending moment=M = 20.02 KN-m u

M =0.36(X /d) (1-0.42( X /d))bd f

u lim u max u max
2
ck

Where,( Xu max/d)=0.48

M = (0.36 x 0.48) (1-(0.42 x 0.48)) x 300 x 430 x 20

u lim
2

M = 153.05 KN-m
u lim

M >M
u lim u

Hence beam is singly reinforced beam

M=0.87×fy×A ×d(1-A ×fy/fck×b×d)

st st

20.02×10 =0.87×415×A ×480(1-A ×415/20×230×480)

6
st st

A = 131.74 mm
st
2

Assume 16 mm dia bars a

st = π/4 x 16 = 201.06 mm
2 2
Acts as T beam

Bending moment=M = 113.76KN-m

u

Effective span = 4.8 m (l )o

Effective width of flange = b = (l /6)+(b )+(6D )

f o w f

b = (4800/6)+(300)+(6 x 120)
f

b = 1820 mm
f

Assume neutral axis lies in the flange

( Xu max/d)=0.48

( X /480)=0.48
u max

X u max =0.48 x 430 = 206.4 mm

Depth of neutral axis (X ) =

u

M = 0.36 x f x b x X (d – 0.42 X )
u ck f u u

113.76 x 10 = 0.36 x 20 x 1820 x X (430 – 0.42 X )

6
u u
 M=0.87×fy×A ×d(1-A ×fy/fck×b×d)
st st

113.76×10 =0.87×415×A ×430(1-A ×415/20×300×430)

6
st st

A = 848.57 mm
st
2

Assume 16 mm dia bars

a st = π/4 x 16 = 201.06 mm 2 2

Number of bars = A st /a st = 848.57/201.06 = 4.22 ~ 5 bars

A st provided = 5 x 201.06 = 1005.3 mm 2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT :

V = W L / 2 =(57.895 × 4.8)/2=138.948 KN
u

τv =V /bd =138.948×10 /300×430=1.077 N/mm

u
3 2

P = A × 100/ bd =100×1005.3/300 × 430 = 0.779

t st

From IS 456-2000

τC=0.566 N/mm 2
 Assume 2 legged 8 mm dia vertical stirrups

A = 2 x π/4 x 8 = 100.5 mm
sv
2 2

Spacing = Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv x d ) / (Vus)

Sv = (0.87 x 415 x 100.5 x 430 ) / (65927)

Sv = 236.74 ~ 230mm

The spacing should be lesser of the following

(i) 230mm

(ii) 0.75 x d = 0.75 x 430 = 322.5 mm

(iii) 300mm

Provide 2 legged 8 mm vertical stirrups of 230mm c/c spacing

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

For simply supported beam ( L/d )=20

 ( L/d) allowable =1.3 × 20 = 26

( L/d) actual =4800/430 =11.16

(L/d)actual < (L/d) allowable (Hence, safe and ok)

Design load = 927.789 KN

Moment in X X = 14.68 KNm

Moment in Y Y = 4.86 KNm

Calculation of actual eccentricities :

In XX direction

Mux / Pu = 14.68 x 106 / 927.789 x 10 = 15.822 mm

3

In YY direction

Mux / Pu = 4.86 x 106 / 927.789 x 10 = 5.238 mm

3

Calculation of minimum eccentricity :

In XX direction ,

emin = L/300 + D/30 both ends are fixed

where L is unsupported length of column

emin = 0.8 x 3500 / 300 + 350 / 30 = 21mm > 20

Therefore , emin = 20mm

In XX direction = 0.05×350 = 17.5mm

In YY direction = 0.05×300 =15 mm

Actual eccentricities are less than minimum eccentricity and eccentricities as per code

Hence the column is designed as axially loaded column

Design load = 927.789 KN

Design moment = 14.68 KN-m

Factored load = 1.5 x 927.789 = 1391.68KN

P = 0.4×f ×A +0.67 f A
u ck c y sc

1391.68×10 =0.4 ×20×105000-A )+0.67×415×A

3
sc sc

A = 2042.88mm2
sc

Using 20 mm diameter bars,

a = π/4x 202 = 314.5 mm2

st

Number of bars required =2042.88/314.15 = 6.5 ~ 8

% of the reinforcement = Asc provided / A g

=2513.27 / 105000 x 100

= 2.39 % [0.8 - 4 %]

LATERAL TIES :

The lateral ties should be more than

(i) ¼ (dia of bars ) = ¼ (20) = 5 mm

(ii) 6 mm

Use 8mm dia as lateral ties.

SPACING OF TIES :

1)300mm [least dimension of the column]

2)16 times bar dia =16×20 =320mm [16 x diameter of the bar]

3)300mm

Provide 8 mm dia as lateral ties with a spacing of 300mm c/c

Column size = 300mm X 350mm

SBC of soil Q = 230 KN/ m

u
2

10% of load is taken as self-weight W = 0.1 x 927. 78 f

= 92.77 KN

Total load = W + W c f

= 927. 78 + 92.77

=1020.55KN

Soil bearing capacity = 230 KN/m 2

M concrete and Fe Steel X

20 415 umax / d = 0.48 and R = 2.76
u

Area of footing A = (W + W )/Q

c s u

=1020.55/230

= 4.43m 2

Adopt Size of footing 2.3m x 2.1 m

Shear force in shorter direction = q x Y x (X- a /2 - d )
u

= 288.13 x 2.3 x ( 2.1 - 0.3 /2 - d)

=662.699(0.9-d)

= 596.42 - 662.699d

Shear in longer direction = q x X x ( Y-b/2 - d)

u

= 288.13 x 2.1x ( 2.3 - 0.35/2 - d )

= 605.073(0.975-d) -(1)

Shear force is maximum in shorter direction

Shear force restricted by concrete = τC X d

τC =0.32N/mm for 2% of steel from code book

2

=0.32 x 10 /10 x 2.1x d

6 3

= 672d -(2)

Equating the equations

 = qu × (XY-(0.23+d) x (0.5+d))

=288.13 x [( 2.3x 2.1)-(0.3+d) x (0.35+d)) ]

=1391.66 - 187.28d -288.13d 2 -(3)

Punching shear restricted by section

= τC. A

τC =0.25 x fck1/2 = 0.25 x 201/2 = 1.118 N/mm 2

A= area of critical section

=perimeter x d

=((0.3+d) +(0.35+d)) d

=(0.65+2d) d

Shear force restricted =1.118x10 /10 x(0.65d+2d )

6 3 2 -(4)

Equating (3) and (4)

 =288.13 x2.1x (0.975/2 ) ( 0.975/4)

= 287.598KN-m

Bending moment in shorter direction = p x Y x ( x-a/2 ) (x-a/4)

u

=288.13x 2.3 x (0.9/2 ) (0.9/4)

=268.39 KN-m

hence bending moment in longer direction is more

Maximum bending moment = 287.598KN-m

M =0.138 x f x b x d
u ck
2

287.598x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 2100d 2

d=222.75mm~0.225 m

from above three depth consider the maximum depth

d=0.575mm

overall depth = 580 + 8 +50

=638 ~650 mm
 287.598x 106=0.87x415xAstx592(1-415 Ast/2100x592x20)

Ast =1377.19 mm2

Assume 16 mm diameter bars

Spacing Sv = 201.06/1377.19 x 2100 =306.6mm ~ 300mm

Provide 16mm @300 mm c/c

Shorter direction Mu=0.87 x fy X Ast. x d [1-fyAst / b x d x fck]

268 x 106=0.87x415xAstx592(1-415 Ast/2300x592x20)

Ast =1280.66 mm2

Minimum reinforcement =0.12%bd

=0.12/100 x2300 x 592

=2484 mm2>1280mm2

Reinforcement in central band:

Total reinforcement in shorter direction = 2/(B+1) where,B=y/x = 2.3/2.1 =1.0952 Reinforcement in central band/2484 = 2/(1.095+1)

= 2371.13mm2
balancing area of steel is to be distributed in the outer band

=2484 - 2371.13 =113 mm 2

Provide 16 mm bars at 300 mm center to center spacing

Check for development length

Ld = 0.87fy /4 bd =0.87x415x16/4x1.92 =752.2mm

Available length in shorter direction beyond face column

= 2100-300/2

=900mm >752.2mm

Hence Ok
Height of each floor = 3.5 m

Height of flight =3.5/2 = 1. 75 m

Assuming Riser = 200 mm

Thread = 250 mm

Number of risers = 1750/ 200 =8.75 ~ 9

Number of threads =risers-1

=9 - 1= 8

Total going = number of treads x tread height

=8 x 250 =2000mm

Width of landing = 3.05-2= 1.05 m

Effective length = 3.35 m

Assume width of the staircase = 1.3 m

Check for depth

d =(M
req u lim /0.138 fck b) 1/2

= ( 28.28 x 10 /0.138 x 20 x 1000)

6 1/2

= 11.22 mm ~ 105mm
 =167.5 mm ~170mm

Provide depth of waist slab = 170 mm

Dead load on waist slab=W = 0.17 x 1 x25 = 4.25 KN/m

s

Dead load on waist slab in horizontal =(W / T) (T +R )

s
2 2 1/2

= (4.25/0.25) (0.25 +0.2 )

2 2 1/2

= 5.44KN/m

Dead load on step = ½ x R X T x unit weight of concrete

= ½ x 0.2x 0.25 x 25

=0.625 KN/m

Dead load on step per meter length = 0.625/0.25

= 2.5KN/m

Floor finish = 0.5 KN/m

Total dead load = 5.44 + 2.5 + 0.5

=8.44 KN/m

Live load taken as 5KN/m 2

= 5 x 1 = 5 KN/m

Total load = 8.44 + 5 = 13.44 KN/m

Factored load =W= 13.44 x 1.5 = 20.16 KN/m

28.28x10 =0.87 x 415xAst x 144[1- 415 Ast/1000 x 144 x 20]
6

Ast = 594.94mm 2

Assume 12 mm diameter bars therefore, a = /4 x 12 =113.09 mm

st
2 2

Spacing Sv =( ( (π /4 ) x 12 ) /A ) x 1000
2
st

Sv =( ( (π /4 ) x 12 ) /594.94) x 1000
2

= 190.08mm ~ 190 mm

Consider lesser of the following

(i) 190mm

(ii) 450mm

(iii) 3 x d = 3 x 144 = 432mm

Provide 12 mm diameter bars at 190mm center to center spacing for main-reinforcement

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT

Distribution reinforcement =0.12% b x d

=0.12 x (1/100) x 1000 x 170 =204 mm

2

Using 10mm diameter bar

Consider lesser of the following

(i) 380mm

(ii) 450mm

(iii) 5 x d = 5 x 144 =720mm

Provide 10mm diameter bars at a distance of 380 mm centre to centre spacing for distribution reinforcement
 Modelling
Creating a Model
 The interior
view of the model
The Exterior view of the model
Thank
you