Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
UNIT - 3
PLANNING CONCEPTS
CLARANCE STAIN PERRY’S NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
CLARANCE STAIN PERRY’S NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
CLARANCE STAIN PERRY’S NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
Street System
Facilities
Population
Neighbourhood Walkways
Protective Strips
CLARANCE STAIN PERRY’S NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
The core principles of Perry's Neighbourhood Unit were organised around several
physical design ideals:
"Centre the school in the neighbourhood so that a child's walk to school was only about one-quarter of a mile and no
more than one half mile and could be achieved without crossing a major arterial street.
Size the neighbourhood to sufficiently support a school, between 5,000 to 9,000 residents, approximately 160 acres at a
density of ten units per acre.
Implement a wider use of the school facilities for neighbourhood meetings and activities, constructing a large play area
around the building for use by the entire community.
Place arterial streets along the perimeter so that they define and distinguish the "place" of the neighborhood and
by design eliminate unwanted through-traffic from the neighborhood. In this way, major arterials define the neighborhood,
rather than divide it through its heart.
Design internal streets using a hierarchy that easily distinguishes local streets from arterial streets, using curvilinear
street design for both safety and aesthetic purposes.
Streets, by design, would discourage unwanted through traffic and enhance the safety of pedestrians.
Restrict local shopping areas to the perimeter or perhaps to the main entrance of the neighborhood, thus
excluding nonlocal traffic destined for these commercial uses that might intrude on the neighborhood.
Dedicate at least 10 percent of the neighborhood land area to parks and open space, creating places for
play and community interaction" The neighbourhood unit was embraced for its community idealism, and many of the public
sectors in those countries which were exposed to the theorem have since adopted its purpose; of protecting and promoting
the public health and of considering the safety and welfare of citizens.
A cul-de-sac, dead end, closed, no through road or court ,is a street with only
one inlet/outlet.
CLARANCE STAIN PERRY’S NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
Basic principles :
• size : 5000 population ( 1 school), 160 acre (area for one unit neighborhood).
• Shops: to fulfill market purpose. the location is on the corner of four junction.
• Density: rough density for this system is about 5 unit house for every acre.
LE CORBUSIER
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris LE CORBUSIER
Name
Le Corbusier
Nationality Swiss / French
Birth date October 6, 1887(1887-10-06)
Birth place La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
Date of death August 27, 1965 (aged 77)
•Le Corbusier was an architect, designer, urbanist, writer and also painter, who
is famous for his contributions to what now is called Modern architecture.
•His career spanned 8 decades, with his buildings constructed throughout
central Europe, India, Russia, and one each in North and South America. He
was also an urban planner, painter, sculptor, writer, and modern furniture
designer.
•Died in the mediterranean
•Dad was watchmaker
•Grew up seeing the alps – adored cows right from his childhood (inspiration for
chandigarh secratariat)
•Self made architect
•Gave the world one of the STRONGEST proportioning systems.
MODULAR THOERY
- Le Corbusier explicitly used the golden ratio in his
Modular system for the scale of architectural proportion.
- Le Corbusier based the system on human
measurements, Fibonacci numbers, and the double unit.
- He took Leonardo's suggestion of the golden ratio in
human proportions to an extreme: he sectioned his
model human body's height at the navel with the two
sections in golden ratio, then subdivided those sections
in golden ratio at the knees and throat; he used these
golden ratio proportions in the Modular system.
- Le Corbusier placed systems of harmony and
proportion at the centre of his design philosophy, and
his faith in the mathematical order of the universe was
closely bound to the golden section and the Fibonacci
series
Le Corbusier's 1927 Villa Stein in Garches
exemplified the Modular system's
application. The villa's rectangular ground
plan, elevation, and inner structure closely
approximate golden rectangles.
VILLA SAVOYE
Situated at Poissy, outside of
Paris, it is one of the most
recognisable architectural
presentations of the International
Style.
The Villa Savoye was designed
as a weekend country house and
is situated just outside of the
small village of Poissy in a
meadow which was originally
surrounded by trees.
The polychromatic interior
contrasts with the primarily white
exterior.
Vertical circulation is facilitated by
ramps as well as stairs.
The house fell into ruin during
World War II but has since been
restored and is open for viewing.
•The house was emblematic of Le Corbusier
work in that it addressed “THE FIVE
POINTS", his basic tenets of a new
aesthetic of architecture constructed in
reinforced concrete:
•The pilotis, or ground-level supporting
columns, elevate the building from the damp
earth allowing the garden to flow beneath.
•A flat roof terrace reclaims the area of the
building site for domestic purposes,
including a garden area.
•The free plan, made possible by the
elimination of load-bearing walls, consists of
partitions placed where they are needed
without regard for those on adjoining levels.
•Horizontal windows provide even
illumination and ventilation.
•The freely-designed facade, unconstrained
by load-bearing considerations, consists of
a thin skin of wall and windows.
VILLA SAVOYE (1928 –
1931)
•A new city was needed to house innumerable refugees and to provide an administrative seat
for the newly formed government of re-defined Punjab.
•Chandigarh was regarded as a unique symbol of the progressive aspirations of the new
republic and the ideology of its struggle for independence.
•It aimed to provide a generous cultural and social infrastructure and equitable
opportunities for a dignified, healthy living even to the "poorest of the poor".
•The near vacuum of indigenous expertise needed to realize this dream prompted the search for
Western skill.
• Yet, conscious of the specificities of their situation, the search was narrowed to "...a good
modern architect who was not severely bound by an established style and who would be
capable of developing a new conception originating from the exigencies of the project itself and
suited to the Indian climate, available materials and the functions of the new capital.
•"The Chandigarh Project was, at first, assigned to the American planner Albert Mayer, with his
associate Matthew Nowicki working out architectural details.
• Le Corbusier's association with the city was purely fortuitous, a result of Nowicki's sudden
death .
•Corbusier continued to be associated with the city as the principal ‘architectural and planning
advisor' for the till his death in1965.
•Taking over from Albert Mayer, Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that conformed to
the modernist city planning principles, in terms of division of urban functions, an anthropomorphic
plan form, and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks.
•This vision of Chandigarh, contained in the innumerable conceptual maps on the drawing board
together with notes and sketches had to be translated into brick and mortar.
•Le Corbusier retained many of the seminal ideas of Mayer and Nowicki, like the basic framework
of the master plan and its components: The Capitol, City Centre, besides the University, Industrial
area, and linear parkland.
Corbusier's plan of modern Chandigarh
•Even the neighbourhood unit was retained as the basic module of planning. However,
the curving outline of Mayer and Nowicki was reorganized into a mesh of rectangles,
and the buildings were characterized by an "honesty of materials".
• Exposed brick and boulder stone masonry in its rough form produced unfinished
concrete surfaces, in geometrical structures. This became the architectural form
characteristic of Chandigarh, set amidst landscaped gardens and parks.
•The initial plan had two phases: the first for a population of 150,000 and the
second taking the total population to 500,000.
•Le Corbusier divided the city into units called "sectors", each representing a
theoretically self-sufficient entity with space for living, working and leisure.
Le Corbusier on site
•The sectors were linked to each other by a road and path network developed
along the line of the 7 Vs, or a hierarchy of seven types of circulation patterns.
•At the highest point in this network was the V1, the highways connecting the
city to others, and at the lowest were the V7s, the streets leading to individual
houses.
•The whole city has been divided into rectangular patterns, forming
identical looking sectors, each sector measures 800 m x 1200 m.
• The original two phases of the plan delineated sectors from 1 to 47,
with the exception of 13 (Number 13 is considered unlucky).
•The Assembly, the secretariat and the high court, all located in
Sector - 1 are the three monumental buildings designed by Le
Corbusier in which he showcased his architectural genius to the
maximum.
CHANDIGARH
•The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometre wide greenbelt that was to
ensure that no development could take place in the immediate vicinity of the
town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl. While leaving the bulk of the
city's architecture to other members of his team,
• Le Corbusier took responsibility for the overall master plan of the city, and
the design of some of the major public buildings including the High Court,
Assembly, Secretariat, the Museum and Art Gallery, School of Art and the Lake
Club.
Le Corbusier 's most prominent building, the Court House, consists of the
High court, which is literally higher than the other, eight lower courts. Most of
the other housing was done by Le Corbusier 's cousin Pierre Jeanerette.
secretariat
palace assembly
museum
high court
high court
Le Corbusier began experimenting with furniture design in 1928 after inviting the architect, Charlotte Perriand,
to join his studio. His cousin, Pierre Jeanneret, also collaborated on many of the designs.