Direktorate General of Civil Aviation

Directorate of Airworthiness and Aircraft Operations

AOC Certification Training

For Operation (FCN 2001)
And Airworthiness (FCN 2003)

Training Material FCN 2001 & FCN 2003

Rev. 0, Date August 1-12,2016
 Introduction

 What . . . .
 The Rules . . . .
 How to comply . . . .
 Definition

Performance Based Navigation:

 Area navigation based on performance
requirements for aircraft operating along
an ATS route, on an instrument approach
procedure or in a designated airspace.
 Definition

Area navigation (RNAV)

Area navigation (RNAV) is a term applied to
navigation between any two selected points
on the earth’s surface. RNAV has been around
since the 1960s and the earliest avionics used
triangulation measurements from ground-
based navigation aids to compute an RNAV
flight path between waypoints.
 Definition

Area navigation (RNAV)

(Cont...)
A navigation method
that allows aircraft to
operate on any desired
flight path within the
coverage of ground- or
space-based navigation
aids, or within the limits
of the capability of self-
contained aids, or a
combination of both
methods.
 Definition

o Required Navigation Performance (RNP)

 RNP is RNAV with on-board navigation monitoring and
alerting

 RNP is a statement of navigation performance necessary for

operation within a defined airspace

 A critical component of RNP is the ability of the aircraft

navigation system to monitor its achieved navigation
performance, and to identify for the pilot whether the
operational requirement is, or is not being met during an
operation

 RNP capability of the aircraft is a major component in

determining the separation criteria to ensure that the overall
containment of the operation is met
Definition
RNAV 10
RNAV 10 is intended for use in oceanic and remote areas the
navigation specification is based on the use of Long Range
Navigation Systems. A minimum of two LRNs is required for
redundancy.
Commonly available LRNs are:
• INS
• IRS
• GNSS
The most common combinations
of dual LRNs are:
• Dual INS
• Dual IRS
• Dual GNSS
• GNSS/IRS (IRS updated by GNSS)
RNAV 5
RNAV 5 is intended for en-route navigation where there is
adequate coverage of ground-based radio navigation aids
permitting DME/DME or VOR/DME area navigation operations

 A single RNAV system only is required.

 A navigation database is not required. Manual entry of waypoint
data is permitted, but is subject to human error.
 Storage of a minimum of 4 waypoints is required
 Navigation system alerting is not required.
 Navigation displays in the pilot’s forward view must be sufficient
to permit track following and manoeuvring.
 The maximum cross-track error deviation permitted is 2.5NM
 An RNAV system failure indication is required.
RNAV 1 and 2
RNAV 1 and 2 navigation specifications constitute harmonization between
European Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) and United States RNAV (US-RNAV) criteria.
 For RNAV 1 and 2 operational approval:
 A single RNAV system only is required.
 The RNAV system may be based on:
 DME/DME
 DME/DME/IRU
 GNSS (including GNSS/IRU)
 A navigation database is required.
 Navigation displays in the pilot’s forward
view must be sufficient to permit track
following and manoeuvring.
 The maximum cross-track error deviation
permitted is ½ navigation accuracy
 0.5NM for RNAV 1
 1.0 NM for RNAV 2
 An RNAV system failure indication is required.
RNAV 4
RNP 4 is a navigation specification applicable to oceanic and
remote airspace, and supports 30NM lateral and 30NM
longitudinal separation.
 For RNP 4 operational approval:

 Two long range navigation systems are required

 At least one GNSS receiver is required
 A navigation database is required.
 Navigation displays in the pilot’s forward view must be
sufficient to permit track following and manoeuvring
 The maximum cross-track error deviation permitted is
2NM
BASIC RNP-1
Basic RNP 1 is based on GNSS positioning. The navigation specification is
intended to support arrival and departure procedures without the dependence on
a DME/DME infrastructure.
 A single RNAV system only is required.
 GNSS is required
 A navigation database is required.
 Navigation displays in the pilot’s forward view must be sufficient to
permit track following and manoeuvring
 MAP display (without CDI) is acceptable provided FD or AP is used
 The maximum cross-track error deviation permitted is 0.5NM
RNP APCH
RNP APCH is the general ICAO designator for PBN approach procedures that are
not Authorization Required operations.
As GNSS fulfils the basic requirement of RNP for on-board performance and
monitoring, both RNAV (GNSS) and SBAS LPV procedures are types of RNP APCH
operations.
RNP APCH procedures will be identified as:
• RNP APCH – LNAV
• RNP APCH – LNAV/VNAV (where a vertical guidance system is used)
• RNP APCH – LPV (Localiser Performance with Vertical Guidance)
• RNP APCH – LP (SBAS approach where vertical guidance is not available)
As the PBN Manual has yet to be amended to include navigation specification
for LPV approaches this Chapter currently only deals with RNP APCH – LNAV
procedures.
RNP AR (Authorization Required) APCH
Procedure design criteria have now been published in ICAO Doc 9905
RNP AR Procedure Design Manual.

The are a number of characteristics of RNP AR APCH operations that

combine to improve the capability of this type of operation, including;
• support for RNP less than 0.3 (RNP 0.1 is the lowest currently
available)
• obstacle clearance lateral tolerance 2 x RNP
• final approach vertical obstacle clearance provided by a vertical
error budget
• radius to fix (RF) legs enabling circular flight paths to be flown

It should be noted that while RNP AR APCH procedures support low

RNP types, that this is only one characteristic and that many RNP AR
APCH operations do not require RNP less than 0.3. An RNP 0.3 RNP AR
APCH operation should not be confused with an RNP APCH which also
uses RNP 0.3 capability.
 Definition

Area of Nav
accuracy Designation of navigation specification:
Application (NM)

10
RNAV 10
Oceanic/
Remote
4 RNP 4

EnRoute-
5 RNAV 5
Continental

En Route -
Continental 2 RNAV 2
and Terminal

Terminal 1 RNAV 1

16
 Definition

Area of Nav
Application accuracy Designation of navigation specification:
(NM)

Terminal 1 Basic-RNP 1

Approach 1-0.3 RNP APCH

1-0.1 RNP AR APCH

Approach
 Regulation

 ICAO Doc. 9613

◦ “Performance-Based Navigation Manual”
PBN 9613

 DGCA SI
◦ 8900-4.1: “Issuance Navigation Specifications for
Performance Based Navigation Operations
Authorizations”
SI 8900-4.1
 Regulation

 FAA AC 90-100
US TERMINAL EN ROUTE AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) OPERATIONS FAA AC 90-100A

 FAA AC 90-96A
APPROVAL OF U.S. OPERATORS AND AIRCRAFT TO OPERATE UNDER INSTRUMENT FLIGHT
RULES (IFR) IN EUROPEAN AIRSPACE DESIGNATED FOR BASIC AREA NAVIGATION (B-RNAV)
AND PRECISION AREA NAVIGATION (P-RNAV) AC 90-96A

 FAA Order 8260.52

UNITED STATES STANDARD FOR REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (RNP) APPROACH
PROCEDURES WITH SPECIAL AIRCRAFT AND AIRCREW AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED (SAAAR)
Order8260.52

 AMC 20-26
AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL AND OPERATIONAL CRITERIA FOR RNP AUTHORISATION
REQUIRED (RNP AR) OPERATIONS AMC 20-26

 AMC 20-4
AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL AND OPERATIONAL CRITERIA FOR THE USE
OF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS IN EUROPEAN AIRSPACE DESIGNATED FOR
BASIC RNAV OPERATIONS AMC_20-XX

 ICAO Doc 9905

REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED (RNP AR) PROCEDURE
DESIGN MANUAL
RNP AR Manual ICAO Doc 9905
 RNAV and RNP specifications facilitate more
efficient design of airspace and procedures which
collectively result in improved safety, access,
capacity, predictability, operational efficiency,
and environment. Specifically, improved access
and flexibility help to enhance reliability and
reduce delays by defining more precise terminal
area procedures. They also can reduce emissions
and fuel consumption.
 RNAV procedures can provide benefit
in all phases of flight, including
departure, en route, arrival,
approach, and transitioning airspace.
For example, Standard Terminal
Arrivals (STARs) can:
• Increase predictability of
operations
• Reduce controller/aircraft
communications
• Reduce fuel burn with more
continuous vertical descents
• Reduce miles flown in Terminal
Radar Approach Control
(TRACON) airspace
• Reduce interaction between
dependent flows in multiplex
airspace
 Sub Directorate of Engineering-DAAO establish RVSM
certification team consist: Initial
Application Letter 1. Team Leader Meeting with
2. Team Member: POI, PMI, Avionic Specialist, and
Performance & Flight Test Specialist
Applicant

DOCUMENT EVALUATION PHASE

• AFM/AFMS/TCDS
• Equipment Capability
• Operating Procedure(Operation Manual/Checklist)
 Pre Flight, In-Flight, Contigency Procedure, Post
Conformity – A/C Flight
Equipment • Training Program
• Area Operation
Capability • Maintenance
 CAMP/AAIP, MEL, Trained personel
• Past Performance (if any)
• Plan for RNP surveillance

TEMPORARY Letter of
RNP Surveillance Permanent
Authorization RNP
EVALUATION Letter of
RNP Surveillance
Authorization
 Overall responsibility for the evaluation of an
operational approval application will be assigned
to a Flight Operations Inspector (FOI), who is
(where possible) experienced and trained in PBN
operations. The assigned inspector should have
access to other specialist expertise where
required.
 Job aids have been developed to assist DGCA Inspectors in
managing the process of PBN operational approvals. The job
aids provide both inspectors and operators with guidance on
the documentation required to be included in an operator’s
application, and the items that must be assessed by the FOI
in order for an operational approval to be issued. The job aids
also serve as means of recording the documentation process.
DAAO Training Division
Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Ministry of Transporation
Republic of Indonesia

daao.training@gmail.com

Training Material FCN 2001 & FCN 2003

Rev. 0, Date 1 July 2013