TOPIC : RAINWATERHARVESTING AND HOT AND COLD WATER

SUBMITTED BY :
SUBMITTED TO : Rahul
AR.AAKRITI AHUJA MANCHANDA 15120051
B.ARCHITECTURE
4TH SEMESTER

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE DATE:02.05.2017

SBSSTC
 Rain Water Harvesting
• Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater
for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
• Rainwater harvesting is the process of intercepting storm-water runoff
and putting it to beneficial use.
• Rainwater Harvesting is the collection of water that would otherwise
have gone down the drain, into the ground or been lost through
evaporation
• Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But
due to indiscriminate development and rapid urbainzation, exposed
surface for soil has been reduced drastically with resultant reduction in
percolation of rainwater, thereby depleting ground water resource.
• Rainwater harvesting is the process of augmenting the natural filtration
of rainwater in to the underground formation by some artificial methods.
"Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of
water, for drinking, domestic purpose & irrigation is termed as a
Rainwater Harvesting.```
Why harvest rainwater ?
This is perhaps one of the most frequently asked question, as
to why one should harvest rainwater. There are many reasons
but following are some of the important ones.

• To arrest ground water decline and augment

ground water table • To beneficiate water quality in
aquifers
• To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon
• To reduce soil erosion
• To inculcate a culture of water conservation
Advantages of rain water harvesting

Rainwater
It provides water
harvesting provides
when there is a
an independent It also helps in the
drought, can help
water supply availability of
mitigate flooding of
during regional potable water as
low-lying areas, and
water restrictions rainwater is
reduces demand on
and in developed substantially free of
wells which may
countries is often salinity and other
enable ground water
used to salts.
levels to be
supplement the
sustained.
main supply.
By harvesting and using rainwater
we can:
Increase water availability for on-site vegetation

Reduce on-site flooding and erosion

Reduce water bills and groundwater pumping

Extend the life of landscaping (rainwater is usually low in salt

content and relatively high in nitrogen
 There are generally two methods of harvesting rainwater-

1.Passive Rainwater
Passive rainwater collection is the act of slowing down rainwater and
letting it infiltrate on site rather than channeling it into the storm
drain system.

. A passive system uses earthworks to control surface water flow and

uses the soil as the storage container. Intercepted rainwater can be
collected, slowed down and retained or routed through the site
landscape using microbasins, swales and other water harvesting
structures.

Redirecting the roof downspout into a landscaped area is an example

of pasive rainwater harvesting
Active rainwater collection systems
Active rainwater collection systems integrate a storage container, a
tank or cistern, into the system to catch rainwater runoff for later
use on the property.

These tanks can be installed above or below ground. Above ground

systems usually rely on gravity to disperse the water and serve
smaller areas

. The in ground system requires a pump but can provide water

throughout the site.

In either case active systems bring a great advantage -- water can

be stored and used when the soils are dry (instead of while the
ground is soaked from the same rain that filled your tank).
Active systems are also more complex than passive systems, cost
more and require more maintenance.
 Quality of water harvested
The concentration of contaminants is reduced significantly by
diverting the initial flow of run-off water to waste.

Improved water quality can also be obtained by using a floating

draw-off mechanism (rather than from the base of the tank) and
by using a series of tanks, with draw from the last in series

The stored rainwater may need to be analyzed properly before

use in a way appropriate to ensure its safe use

The quality of collected rainwater is generally better than that of

surface water. Contamination is always possible by airborne dust
and mists, bird feces, and other debris, so some treatment may
be necessary, depending on how the water will be used.
 From where to harvest rain
Rainwater harvzesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervi``free of charge and they provide a

supply at the point of consumption

Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,

stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can
be effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in
using ground as collecting surface is that water can be collected from
a larger area. This is particularly advantageous in areas of low
rainfall.
Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store
rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to
meet water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater
aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a
simple and cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.
COMPONENTS OF A RAINWATER HARVESTING
SYSTEM
A rainwater harvesting system comprises components of
various stages - transporting rainwater through pipes or
drains, filtration, and storage in tanks for reuse or
recharge. The common components of a rainwater
harvesting system involved in these stages are
illustrated here
Catchments: The catchment of a water harvesting system is the
surface which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the
system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a
building, or an unpaved area like a lawn or open ground. A roof made
of reinforced cement concrete (RCC), galvanised iron or corrugated
sheets can also be used for water harvesting.
 2. Coarse mesh at the roof to prevent the passage of debris

. 3. Gutters: Channels all around the edge of a sloping roof to collect

and transport rainwater to the storage tank.

4. Conduits- Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater

from the catchment or rooftop area to the harvesting system.
Conduits can be of any material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or
galvanized iron (GI), materials that are commonly available

5. First-flushing A first flush device is a valve that ensures that runoff

from the first spell of rain is flushed out and does not enter the
system. This needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a
relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air
6. Filter

The filter is used to remove suspended pollutants from

rainwater collected over roof. A filter unit is a chamber filled
with filtering media such as fibre, coarse sand and gravel
layers to remove debris and dirt from water before it enters the
storage tank or recharges structure. Charcoal can be added for
additional filtration.
(i) Charcoal water filter A simple charcoal filter can be made in a
drum or an earthen pot. The filter is made of gravel, sand and
charcoal, all of which are easily available.
(ii) Sand filters Sand filters have commonly available sand as filter
media. Sand filters are easy and inexpensive to construct. These
filters can be employed for treatment of water to effectively remove
turbidity (suspended particles like silt and clay), colour and
microorganisms. In a simple sand filter that can be constructed
domestically, the top layer comprises coarse sand followed by a 5-
10 mm layer of gravel followed by another 5-25 cm layer of gravel
and boulders.
 Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes:

• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or

below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater
recharging)
HOT WATER SUPPLY SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR LARGE BUILDINGS
 Hot water
supply system

Hot water is required in

most domestic, commercial
and industrial situations to
meet the requirements of
the building occupants.
Appliances that store
and/or heat water must be
available and a pipework
system designed that
transports the heated water
to the required discharge
points. This is called the
hot water system.
HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
 COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING
Cold water may be supplied to a building and
its surrounds by a variety of methods. You will
have to design the cold water service that
meets the requirements of the building
occupants but also suits the supply system.
Cold water supply may include the following.
Mains pressure
Mains pressure (non-potable)
Pumped supply from rainwater tank (drinking
water)
Pumped supply from rainwater tank (non-
drinking water)
Pumped supply from private bore or dam
(non-drinking water)
Mains pressure with storage tank
Mains pressure boosted (pressure system)
Mains pressure boosted (pneumatic)
Mains pressure boosted (with a storage tank)
Mains pressure boosted (hydro-constant)