ELEMENTS OF

COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE
 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE

1. PATH
2. EDGES
3. DISTRICT
4. NODES
5. LANDMARKS
 PATHS
Are the channels along which the observer customarily,
occasionally, or potentially moves.
streets
walkways
pathways
highways
For many people, these are the
predominant elements in their image.
People observe the city while moving
through it and along these paths and other
environmental elements are arranged and
related.
 EDGES

are the linear elements not used or

• -

considered as paths by the observer.

 Examples of EDGES
boundaries between two faces
linear breaks in continuity
shores
railroad cuts
edges of development
walls
They are lateral references rather than
coordinate axes. Such edges may be barriers,
more or less penetrable, which close one
region from another; or they may be seams,
lines along which two regions are related and
joined together.
These edge elements, although probably not
as dominant as paths, are for many people
important organizing features, particularly in
the role of holding together generalized
areas, as in the outline of a city by the water
or wall
DISTRICTS

are the medium-to-large sections of the city,

conceived of as having two dimensional extents,
which the observer mentally enters “inside of,” and
which are recognizable as having some common,
identifiable from the inside; they are also used for
exterior reference if visible from the outside.
Most people structure their city to some
extent in this way, with individual
differences as to whether paths or districts
are the dominant elements.
 NODES

These are points, the strategic spots in a city

into which an observer can enter, and which are
the intensive foci to and from which he is
travelling.
They may be primarily junctions, places
of a break in transportation, a crossing
or convergence of paths, moments of
shift from one structure to another.
 LANDMARKS

• are another type of point reference, but in these

case the observer does not enter within them, they
are external. They are usually a rather simply
defined physical object: building, sign, store, or
mountain. Their use involves the singling out of
one element from a host of possibilities.
• Some landmarks are distant ones, typically seen from
many angles of distances, over the tops of smaller
elements, and used as radial references. They may be
within the city or as such a distance that for all
practical purposes they symbolize a constant
direction. Such are isolated towers, golden domes,
great hills. Even mobile point, like the sun, whose
motion is sufficiently slow and regular, my be
employed.
• Other landmarks are primarily local, being visible
only in restricted localities and from certain
approaches. These are the innumerable signs, store
fronts, trees, door knobs and other urban detail,
which fill in the image of most observers. They
are frequently used clues of identity and even of
structure, and seem to be increasingly relied upon
a journey becomes more and more familiar.
Describe the community that you live in. If you
are a leader of your community, what are the
things that you will do to your community?
What kind of leader are you?
• The definition of sociopolitical is something
that involves both social and political
factors. An example of something that
is sociopolitical is the issue of environmental
conservation, which is influenced by
both social attitudes towards "going green"
and by political policies.
• "Culture" refers to a group
or community which shares common
experiences that shape the way its members
understand the world. It includes groups that
we are born into, such as race, national origin,
gender, class, or religion. It can also include a
group we join or become part of.
• The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community aims to
contribute to realizing an ASEAN Community that is
people-oriented and socially responsible with a view to
achieving enduring solidarity and unity among the
peoples and Member States of ASEAN. It seeks to forge
a common identity and build a caring and sharing society
which is inclusive and where the well-being, livelihood,
and welfare of the peoples are enhanced.
 Types of cultural community

• Lowland Ethnolinguistic Nations

• BIKOLANO GADDANG
• IBANAG PANGASINAN
• Highland Ethnolinguistic Nations
• BATAK IGOROT
• MANGYAN BUGKALOT
 Economic Communities
Any economic and/or political alliance which is
specifically designed to foster trade and cooperate
among its member countries. It’s underlying purpose
is to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation
among its members.
 Economic Rights of the Child:

1. Right to an adequate standard of living which includes

housing and food
2. Right to survival and development, right to health, right
to education
3. Protection from child labor (Including fair pay)
 DIVERSITIES

• It means understanding that each individual is

unique, and recognizing our individual differences.
These can be along the dimensions of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-
economics status, age, physical abilities, religious
beliefs, political beliefs or other ideologies.
 Cultural Communities
• A social group of any size whose members reside in a specific
locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and
historical heritage.
• Republic Act No. 8871 An act recognize, protect and promote the
rights of indigenous cultural communities/indigenous people,
creating a national commission on indigenous people, establishing
implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefore, and for
other purposes.
COMMUNITY POWER AND
LEADERSHIP
 What is Community Power?
We define community power as a project or approach in which:
• Local stakeholders own a majority share of the project or organization, or
• Community members or a locally based organization control decisions
related projects or
• The majority of the project or organization’s social and economic benefits
are distributed locally.
• It is the power of the community where in organizations, institutions and
other groups in the community engage and collaborate together in order to
obtain the community’s objective. The majority of the project or
organization’s social and economic benefits are distributed locally.
• Each organization has a leader to lead and manage the group. A leader has
great role in motivating members and other to move with a passion toward a
common goal.
 Leadership
• The ability to develop a vision that motivates others to move with a passion
toward a common goal. So leadership is a process by which a person
influences others to accomplish an objective and direct the organization in a
way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.
 Definition of Leadership
• Leadership is the process of social influence in which one person can enlist
the aid and support of other in the accomplishment of a common task” by
M. Chemers.
• “Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to
making something extraordinary happen.” by Alan Keith
 Leader
• You must have an honest understanding of who your are, what you know
and what you can do. To be successful, you have to convince your followers
not your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed.
 Follower
• You must know your people. The fundamental starting point is having a
good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions and
motivation.
 Communication
• The nonverbal communication is leading. E.g- when you set example that
communicates to your people that you would not ask them to perform
anything that you would not be willing to do. Bad communication harm the
relation between leader and employee.
 Situation
• We must use our judgment to decide the best course of action and the
leadership style needed for each situation. What we do in one situation will
not always work in another.
 Authoritarian Leader
• The authoritarian leader makes decisions alone as power is centralized in one
person. Decisions are enforced using rewards and the fear of punishment. It
is an abusive, unprofessional style called “bossing people around”
 Democratic Leaders

• The participative leader include one or more

employees I the decision making process.
Communication flow freely; suggestions are made
in both directions. The participation encourages
member commitment to the final decision.
 Laissez-faire
• The free-rein leader gives power to subordinates to make the decisions.
However, the leader is still responsible for decisions that are made. This is
used when employees are able to analyze the situation. Deligative style is
generally not use.
 Other types of Leadership
• Participative Leadership – Decision making is base on group consultation
and information is shared with the group
• Achievement-oriented leadership – Challenging goals are set and high
performance is encouraged while showing confidence in the groups’ ability.
 Likert’s School of Leadership
• Dr. Rensis Likert (1903-1981) was management theorist. According to Likert, the
efficiency of an organization or its departments is influenced by their system of
management. Likert categorized his four management systems as follows.
1. Exploitive authoritative system
2. Benevolent authoritative system
3. Consultative system
4. Participative (group) system
 Exploitative Authoritative
• Responsibility lies in the hands of the people at the upper echelons of the
hierarchy.
 Benevolent Authoritative
• The responsibility lies at the managerial levels but not at the lower levelsof
the organizational hierarchy
 Participative
• Responsibility