Social Studies 2B

College of Teacher Education

The 1872
Cavite Mutiny
‘‘ Uprising of Filipino military
personnel of Fort San Felipe ‘‘
 Cavite Mutiny, (Jan. 20, 1872), brief
uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers
at the Cavite arsenal, which became the
excuse for Spanish repression of the
embryonic Philippine nationalist movement.
Ironically, the harsh reaction of the Spanish
authorities served ultimately to promote the
nationalist cause.
A number of Filipino intellectuals were
seized and accused of complicity with the
mutineers. After a brief trial, three priests José
Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, and Mariano
Gómez—were publicly executed. The three
subsequently became martyrs to the cause
of Philippine independence.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
OVERVIEW 2
 Two Side of the
1872 Cavite Mutiny
A. 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish
Perspective
B. A Response to Injustice: The
Filipino Version of the Incident

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 1. 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish
Perspective
The book Historia General de Filipinas as the Spanish
version of Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Two Important Personalities:

1. Jose y Vidal
» A prolific Spanish Historian whom documented the
event.
» He highlighted it as an attempt of the Indios to
overthrown the Spanish Government in the Philippines
2. Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo
» His official report magnified the event and made use of
it to implicate the native clergy, which was then active
in the call for secularization.
» He reported to the king that the rebels wanted to
overthrown the Spanish Government to install new
king in the likes of Father Burgos and Zamora.
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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
1. 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish
Perspective

The Narration:

The event was planned earlier and was thought as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos, abogadillos , resident of
Manila and the Native Clergy.

The allege pre-concentrated signal among the conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the firing of rocket in the wall of Intramuros.

January 20, 1872, the district of Sampaloc celebrate the feast of the Virgin of Loreto using fireworks, they mistook this and attack
the arsenal.

The news reach Gov. Izquierdo, he ordered a reinforcement to Cavite. The revolution was easily crunch when the expected
reinforcement from Manila did not come ashore. The revolt failed.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 Aftermath of the revolt
In the immediate aftermath of the mutiny, some Filipino
soldiers were disarmed and later sent into exile on the
southern island of Mindanao. Those suspected of directly
supporting the mutineers were arrested and executed.

» Major instigators including Sergeant Lamadrid were

killed in the skirmish
» Patriots like Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma.
Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa and other abogadillos
were suspended by the Audencia (High Court) from
the practice of law, arrested and were sentenced
with life imprisonment at the Marianas Island.
» Furthermore, Gov. Izquierdo dissolved the native
regiments of artillery and ordered the creation of
artillery force to be composed exclusively of the
Peninsulares.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 The death of GOMBURZA
The mutiny was used by the colonial government and
Spanish friars to implicate three secular priests, Mariano
Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively
known as Gomburza.

In 17 February 1872 in an attempt of

the Spanish government and
Frailocracia to instill fear among the
Filipinos so that they may never
commit such daring act again, the
GOMBURZA were executed.
Ironically, this event was tragic but
served as one of the moving forces
that shaped Filipino nationalism.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 Reasons of the Revolt:
» Abolition of privileges enjoyed by the
workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-
payment of tributes and exemption
from force labor.
» Dirty propagandas proliferated by
unrestrained press
» Democratic
» Liberal and republican books and
pamphlets reaching the Philippines
» The presence of the native clergy who
out of animosity against the Spanish
friars

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 2. A Response to Injustice: The
Filipino Version of the Incident

Important Personality:
1. Dr. Trinidad Hermeniglo
» A Filipino scholar and researcher
» Wrote the Filipino version of the bloody
incident in Cavite.
» In his point of view, the incident was a
mere mutiny by the native Filipino
soldiers and laborers of the Cavite
arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied
with the abolition of their privileges.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 2. A Response to Injustice: The
Filipino Version of the Incident

Important Personality:
1. Dr. Trinidad Hermeniglo
» A Filipino scholar and researcher
» Wrote the Filipino version of the bloody
incident in Cavite.
» In his point of view, the incident was a
mere mutiny by the native Filipino
soldiers and laborers of the Cavite
arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied
with the abolition of their privileges.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
2. A Response to Injustice: The
Filipino Version of the Incident

The Narration:

On 20 January 1872, about 200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and residents of Cavite headed by Sergeant
Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and Spanish officers in sight.

The insurgents were expecting support from the bulk of the army unfortunately, that didn’t happen.

The news about the mutiny reached authorities in Manila and Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered the reinforcement of Spanish
troops in Cavite.

After two days, the mutiny was officially declared subdued.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 The friars guilt:
This turnout of events was believed by Tavera, prompted
the friars to do something drastic in their dire sedire to
maintain power in the Philippines.

» Central Government in Madrid

announced its intention to deprive the
friars of all the powers of intervention
in matters of civil government and the
direction and management of
educational institutions.
» Central Government of Spain
welcomed an educational decree
authored by Segismundo Moret
promoted the fusion of sectarian
schools run by the friars into a school
called Philippine Institute.
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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 The fear of the friars

The friars, fearing that their influence in

the Philippines would be a thing of the
past, took advantage of the incident and
presented it to the Spanish Government
as a vast conspiracy organized
throughout the archipelago with the
object of destroying Spanish sovereignty.
Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid
government came to believe that the
scheme was true without any attempt to
investigate the real facts or extent of the
alleged “revolution” reported by
Izquierdo and the friars.

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 Unraveling the Truth
Considering the four accounts of the 1872 Mutiny, there
were some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

1. There was dissatisfaction among the

workers of the arsenal as well as the
members of the native army after their
privileges were drawn back by Gen.
Izquierdo
2. Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and
strict policies that made the Filipinos
move and turn away from Spanish
government out of disgust
3. The Central Government failed to
conduct an investigation on what truly
transpired but relied on reports of
Izquierdo and the friars and the opinion
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of the public. O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 Unraveling the Truth
Considering the four accounts of the 1872 Mutiny, there
were some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

4. The happy days of the friars were

already numbered in 1872 when the
Central Government in Spain decided to
deprive them of the power to intervene
in government affairs as well as in the
direction and management of schools
prompting them to commit frantic
moves to extend their stay and power.
5. The Filipino clergy members actively
participated in the secularization
movement in order to allow Filipino
priests to take hold of the parishes in
the country making them prey to the
rage of the friars BEST FOR You 15
O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 Unraveling the Truth
Considering the four accounts of the 1872 Mutiny, there
were some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

6. Filipinos during the time were active

participants, and responded to what
they deemed as injustices
7. The execution of GOMBURZA was a
blunder on the part of the Spanish
government, for the action severed the
ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the event
inspired Filipino patriots to call for
reforms and eventually independence
‘‘ There may be different versions of the
event, but one thing is certain, the 1872
Cavite Mutiny paved way for a
momentous 1898.’’
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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
Reflection :

The road to independence was rough and tough to toddle, many patriots named and
unnamed shed their bloods to attain reforms and achieve independence.

12 June 1898 may be a glorious event for us, but we should not forget that before we
came across to victory, our forefathers suffered enough

As we enjoy our freedom, may we be more historically aware of our past to have a
better future ahead of us.

And just like what Elias said in Noli me Tangere, may we “not forget those who fell
during the night.”

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
 Social Studies 2B
College of Teacher Education

Thank You
Fernando C. Bosi Jr II