FORM ONE

PMR 2005
 Hazard Symbols
Highly flammable

Chlorine
Alcohol/
Petrol
Sodium &&
& Explosive
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Phosphorus
Chlorofom
Potassium
Kerosene
Ethanol
Harmful /Irritant
 Hazard Symbols
Toxic/Poisonous

Radium
Mercury
Sodium
Hydrogen
Concentrated &
& Corrosive
Plutonium
Uranium
Lead
Sodium &
Thorium
Bromine
acids &
peroxide
cyanide
Hydrogen
alkalis
sulphide
hydroxide
Radioactive
 COMMON LABORATORY
APPARATUS

CONTAINER
Conical
Beakerflask
Round-bottomed
Flat-bottomed flask
flask
 COMMON LABORATORY
APPARATUS

ToFor
To Tocontain
heating
filterhold
mixtures
Test Gas
of solids jar
Crucible
tube
Filter holder
funnel
chemicals
testgas
tubes
and liquids
 COMMON LABORATORY
APPARATUS

To conduct
Tosupport
provide
To hold aexcess
flame
hot
apparatus
Tripod
Wire
Bunsen
heat
for
during gauze
stand
Crucibleburner
tongs
away
heating
heating
objects
 COMMON LABORATORY
APPARATUS

To
Tohold the
transferapparatus
small
For For stirring
evaporating liquid
while
RetortSyringe
Glass
Evaporating
stand
quantities
from rod
experiments
and
of dish
are
clamp
liquids
a solution
liquids
being done
COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

To
ToStop watch
To measure
ToTo
measure
Measuring
Pipette
measure
measure
a fixed
measure a small
volume
cylinder
the volume
time
AnBurette
ammeter
ofvolume
solutions
ofelectric
of solutions
solutions
accurately
current
accurately
accurately
COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

To
ToThe
The most
measure
To
measure suitable
measure
the time
the for
taken
electric
most suitable for
To find
measuring
measuring
the
temperature
for a pupil25
volume
20.6
to
of
m run
l cm³
boiling
of 400of
of
liquid
current
liquid in a bottle PMR
liquid
metres
water
BUNSEN BURNER
Collar
Barrel Barrel

Collar Gas inlet

Air-hole Base
Gas inletAir-hole
Base
 Types of balance

Compression
balance
Spring balance

Electronic
Lever balance Beam balance balance
Types of balance for measuring weight and mass

Electronic balance Spring balance

Lever balance

Triple beam balance

Beam balance Electronic

Compression
balance
Lever
Spring
balance
balance Compression
balance
Lever balanceBeam balance balance
 MICROSCOPE
Eyepiece
Mirror Fine focus knob
Coarse focus knob
FineDiaphragm
focus knob
Stage
Objective lens
Stage
Diaphragm Coarse focus knob

Mirror
Eyepiece Objective lens
 MICROSCOPE
Eyepiece
Coarse focus knob
Fine focus knob
Objective lens
Stage
Diaphragm
Mirror
Magnifying
Focusing
Reflecting
Controlling
Magnifying the
thethethe
light image
image
towards
amount
image ofof
which of
a
light
has
Support the microscope slide
that
been reaches
the
specimen
specimendiaphragm
to the
specimen
magnified by the
to make specimen
objective
make itit sharplens
clear
 CELL

Nucleus Cell membrane Cell wall

Chloroplast Cytoplasm
Vacuole
 CELL
Cytoplasm Vacuole

Nucleus Cell wall

Cell membrane Chloroplast

Protects
The place
Contains
Stores and
where
water
Regulates andmaintains
chemical
chlorophyll and
dissolved
movement of
Controls all activities of the cell
minerals
the (salt
processes
carries outinand
shape take
substances and sugar
of the
out solutions)
of cell
the
place
photosynthesis cell
 The functions of cell structures
Structure Function
Protects and maintains the
Cell membrane shape of the cell

Controls all activities of the

Cell wall cell

Stores water and dissolved

Chloroplast minerals (salt & sugar solutions)

Nucleus Carries out photosynthesis

Regulates movement of
Cytoplasm substances in and out of the cell

The place where chemical

Vacuole processes take place
UNICELLULAR MICROORGANISMS
Amoeba
Paramecium
Euglena

Chlamydomonas

Pleurococcus

Yeast
MULTICELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Mucor

Hydra

Spirogyra
PMR 2006
PMR 2006
 UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR
MICROORGANISMS

Amoeba
Spirogyra
Chlamydomonas

Paramecium

Yeast
Yeast
Paramecium
Mucor
Pleurococcus
Spirogyra
Hydra
Euglena
Hydra
Amoeba
Chlamydomonas
Euglena
Pleurococcus
Mucor
UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

Paramecium
Chlamydomonas Euglena Amoeba

Mucor

Pleurococcus
Yeast

nucleus bud hypa sporangium

Contractile
flagelum pseudopodium cilium vacuole
 Cells in the Human Body
Red blood cells
Bone cells
Nerve cells Cardiac cells

Muscle cells
Reproductive cells
Muscle cells
White blood cells
Nerve cells
Cardiac cells
White blood cells Epithelial cells Bone cells

Epithelial cells
PMR 2006
Reproductive cells Red blood cells
PMR 2006
 The nervous system
Brain

Spinal
cord Nerves
Function

Responds to change
inside and outside
the body
 The lymphatic system

Lymph
nodes Lymphatic
vessels

Function
Defends the body
against infection with
the help of lymphocytes
 The blood circulatory system
Function

Heart 1. Carries oxygen and food

to every part of the body
2. Carries waste materials
to the kidney
Blood 3. Carries carbon dioxide
vessel to the lungs
The skeletal system
Function

Bones 1. Forms the skeleton

2. Supports the weight
of the body
3. Protects internal
organs eg. Heart &
lung
The muscular system

Muscles

Function

1. Enables body movement

2. Enables the heart to beat
3. Enables breathing
 The digestive system

Function
Stomach

Breaks food down

into simpler
Pancreas substances which
Intestines
the body can absorb
 The male reproductive system

Testis
Penis

Function

Produces sperm cells

The female reproductive system

Uterus

Vagina

Ovary
Function

Produces egg cells

 The excretory system
Function

Lungs Removes waste

materials, for
Skin example water
Kidney
vapour, carbon
Urinary dioxide and urine
bladder from the body

PMR 2006
 The respiratory system

Nose
Trachea
Lungs

Function

1. Takes in oxygen
from the atmosphere
2. Removes carbon
dioxide and water
vapour from the body
 The blood circulatory system
Function

Heart 1. Carries oxygen and food

to every part of the body
2. Carries waste materials
to the kidney
Blood 3. Carries carbon dioxide
vessel to the lungs
 The endocrine system
Function
Pituitary
gland
Thyroid 1. Makes and secretes
gland hormones to control the
activities of the body
Adrenal
gland Pancreas
2. Control mental
Ovary development, growth
Testis and reproduction
 Systems of the Human Body
The lymphatic system The skeletal system

The blood
The nervous system circulatory system The muscular system

Enables
Carries Forms
oxygen andbody
thetoskeleton
food movement
every part of the body
Defends
Responds the to
bodychange
against insideinfection
and
Supports
Enables thethe
Carries waste weight
heart
materials tooftothe
the beat body
kidney
The
The
TheThenervous
The
with skeletal
lymphatic
outside
Carries
Protects
Enables
help
carbon
internalsystem
muscular system
blood
the circulatory
of to thesystem
thelymphocytes
dioxide
breathing
organs
body lungs
 Systems of the Human Body

The female The excretory

reproductive system system
The digestive
system

The respiratory The male The endocrine

system reproductive system system
Takes
Makes in secretes
and oxygen from the atmosphere
hormones to control the
Breaks
Removes food
waste down for
materials, intoexample
simplerwater
Produces
TheProduces
Removes carbon
The
The
The
TheThe
vapour, female
male sperm
excretory
carbon
substances eggsystem
endocrine
respiratory
digestive cells
cells
dioxide
system
activities
system
systemofand
the water
reproductive
reproductive
dioxide
which andbody
the
the body
Control mental development,
body vapour from
system
urine from
cansystem
the body
absorb
growth and reproduction
 Systems of the Human Body
System Function
Defends the body against
1. The nervous infection with the help of
system lymphocytes

2. The lymphatic Forms the skeleton

system Supports the weight of the body
Protects internal organs
3. The skeletal
Responds to change inside
system and outside the body
4. The digestive Breaks food down into
system simpler substances
which the body can absorb
 Systems of the Human Body
System Function
Carries oxygen and food to every
5. The excretory part of the body
system Carries waste materials to the kidney
Carries carbon dioxide to the lungs
6. The respiratory Takes in oxygen from the
system atmosphere
Removes carbon dioxide and
water vapour from the body
7. The blood
Makes and secretes hormones to
circulatory control the activities of the body
system Control mental development,
growth and reproduction
8. The endocrine Removes waste materials, for
system example water vapour, carbon
dioxide and urine from the body
 Systems of the Human Body
System Function

9. The muscular
Produces egg cells
system

10. The male Enables body movement

reproductive Enables the heart to beat
system Enables breathing

11. The female

Produces sperm cells
reproductive
system
 Organs that form the system
Lungs
Nose
Heart Kidney
Stomach
Trachea Blood Skin
vessel
Pancreas
Lungs

Intestines
The respiratory The excretory
system system The digestive
The blood system
circulatory system
Intestines
Trachea
Blood
Nose
vessels
Kidney
Stomach
Lungs
Heart Lungs
Pancreas Skin
 Organs that form the system
Pituitary Brain
gland Spinal Lymph
Thyroid cord
gland nodes
Penis Lymphatic
Testis
vessels
Pancreas
Uterus
Adrenal
gland Ovary
Nerves
The endocrine Vagina

system
The reproductive The nervous The lymphatic
system system system

Testis Adrenal Pituitary Vagina

Thyroid
Lymph Spinal
Lymphaticgland
Pancreas Ovarygland Uterus
gland Nerves
Penisnodes cordvessels
Brain
 Cells in the Human Body

Cardiac cells Nerve cells Bone cells

White blood cells Muscle cells

Red blood cells

ovum Sperm

Epithelial cells Reproductive cells

Carry
Form messages
Destroys
Form
Form
bones
Carry
muscle
bacteria
heart
oxygen between
that muscle
protect
tissues
and different
to different
protects
tissues
and
which
support
the
TheCover
The male the
female
body
enable
parts
for the
part
body’s
reproductive
reproductive
contraction
from
ofmovement
of body
the
the
surface
disease
body
body
cell
cell