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Presented By
Pvsr.Praneeth [16BAS1015 ]
Gagandeep Kaur [16BAS1024]
BUSINESS JET
CRUISING SPEED Mach 0.89 Mach 0.8 Mach 0.85 Mach 0.8
(945 km/h) (850km/h) (902 km/h) (850 km/h)
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
VELOCITY (M/S) VS WEIGHT (KG)
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
VELOCITY (M/S) VS T/W RATIO
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
VELOCITY (M/S)VS ASPECT RATIO
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
VELOCITY (M/S) VS WING LOADING (KG/M 2 )
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
OPTIMUM VALUES :
PARAMETERS OPTIMUM VALUES
L/D max 29
WEIGHT
ESTIMATION
ESTIMATING GROSS WEIGHT:
WE =Empty Weight
WF = WF,USED + WF,RES
= Weight of Fuel Used+ Weight of Fuel Reserve
= Total Fuel Weight
2 Taxi 0.995
3 Take-off 0.995
4 Climb 0.980
6 Descent 0.990
8 Landing 0.992
CALCULATION:
Estimation of Wf/Wo:
Wf/W0= 1-Mff = (W6/Wo)
Engine warm up and take off:
W1/W0 =0.990
Climbing :
W2/W1 =0.980
Cruise :
W3/W2 = exp [-RC/V(L/D)]
R=12000km
C =0.657 lb/lbhr
V=317m/s
W3/W2 =0.7655
Loitering:
W4/W3 =exp [-EC/(L/D)]
E= 37,800sec
C=0.74 lb/lb hr
L/D=29
W4/W3=0.7655
Descending :
W5/W4=0.990
Landing :
W6/W5 =0.992
W8 / W0 =0.990X0.98X0.7655X0.7655X0.99X0.992
=0.55
Wf/W0= 1-Mff=1-0.55 =0.45
Overall weight:
WO = 60,000 kg
ENGINE
SELECTION
ENGINE SELECTION :
SELECTION PROPULSION TYPE:
The following factors play a role in selecting the type of
propulsion system to be used.
Required cruise speed or maximum speed
Required maximum operating altitude
Range and range economy
FAR 36 noise regulations(applies to civil airplane)
Reliability and maintainability
Fuel amount needed
Fuel cost
Fuel availability
Timely certification
MACH.NO ENGINE
Engine
0.3-0.5 TURBOPROP
Selection
0.5-0.7 TURBOFAN (HB.RATIO)
Airfoil coefficients :
Lift, drag and moment (L, D, M) acting on an aircraft wing are expressed by the
equations:
W=L=qscL
where q=1/2ρv²
CL=1/q(w/s) q=1/2×1.225×317²
=1/61549.51(400) q=61549.51kg/ms²
CL=4.061X10-8
To find CLmax:
The velocity at cruise=317m/s
Vstall=0.25×Vcruise
Vstall=0.25×317
Vstall=79.25m/s
The co-efficient of lift is maximum at stalling velocity
L=CLmax ×ρ ×Vstall× S
CLmax=2(W/S)×g /Vstall²
=(2×400×9.81)/(1.225×(79.25)²)
CLmax=1.020
For CL of Wing:-
CL= CL(Aerofoil)/√(1+2/e∏AR)
CL = 8.907
Reynolds number(Re):
ρ at=10km=0.413kg/m³
µ at=10km=1.51NS/m²×10-5
Re=ρvc/µ
WING CONFIGURATION:
=ρ×Vstall×c/µ
=0.413×79.25×8.25/1.51×10-5
Re=17.88×106
To find chord:
We have from selection of main parameters
W/S = 400 kg/m²
Selecting a high aspect ratio (AR) will lower induced drag in cruise and save fuel.
A.R=b2/S
9=b2/152.284, b= 37 m
Taper ratio λ=0.4
Cr =2S/b(1+λ)=5.87 m
0.4=Ct/Cr
0.4=Ct/5.879
Ct=2.35 m
MEAN AERODYNAMIC CHORD :
Stability estimations
V-N Diagram
C.G shift for aircraft balance
Stability Contro
References
1)http://www.gulfstream.com/aircraft/gulfstream-g650
2)https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/airplane-tail-section-over-blue-
background-33282598.jpg
3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_G550
THANK
YOU