COLLABORATIVE

LEARNING
BY :
Vira Nurmila
 DEFINITION COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

✢ Collaborative learning is
defined as classroom
learning techniques
which require students
to work together in
groups or pairs in
learning tasks.

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 Collaborative
learning is a teaching
approach that
involves groups of
students working to
solve a problem,
complete a task or
create a product.
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M: MacGregor, J.T., 1990.
3
 Individuals are able to
achieve higher levels of
learning and retain more
information when they
work in a group rather
than individually.

Gokhale 1995

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 TYPES OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
FORMS

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1. Learning Together

In this method groups of classmates consist of students of

varying abilities. Each group to complete the task given by
the teacher. One group only accepts and works on a set of
assignments. Assessment is based on the results of group
work.
2. Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT)

After learning with their own group,

members of a group will compete
with embers according to their
respective abilities. Assessment is
based on the amount of value
obtained by the group.
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 3. Group Investigation (GI)

All group members

are required to plan a
research and problem
solving planning
faced.

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Students in a class are divided into small groups.
Members in each group learn from each other and
teach others. The focus is on the success of a
person will affect the success of the group and
likewise the success of the group will affect the
individual success of students. Assessment is based
on achieving individual and group learning
outcomes.
https://quantumppkn.wordpress.com/2013/05/22/model-student-
team-achievement-division/
 5. Cooperative Learning Stuctures (CLS)

In this learning each group is

formed with two students (in
pairs). A student acts as a tutor
and the other becomes tutee.
Tutors ask questions that must be
answered by Tutee. If the tutee
answer is correct, he gets a http://clipart-library.com/clipart/501506.htm

predetermined point or score.

Within a time interval that has also
been set before, the two paired
students change roles.
6. Academic-Constructive Controversy (AC)

Each group member is required to be able to be in an

intellectual conflict situation that is developed based on
their individual learning outcomes, both with group
members and with other group members. This learning
activity prioritizes the achievement and development of
quality problem solving, critical thinking, consideration,
interpersonal relationships, psychological health and
harmony. Assessment is based on the ability of each
member and group to maintain their chosen position.
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 7. Jigsaw Procedure (JP)
In this form of learning, members of a
group are given different tasks about a subject.
In order for each member to understand the
whole subject matter, the test is given with
comprehensive material. Assessment is based
on the average group test score.
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 8. Complex Instruction (CI)
This learning method emphasizes the
implementation of an invention-oriented project,
especially in the fields of science, mathematics and
social knowledge. The focus is to develop the interest
of all group members in the subject matter. This
method is generally used in learning that is bilingual
(using two languages) and among students who are
very heterogeneous. Assessment is based on the
process and results of group work.
http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/pci/cgi-bin/site.cgi?page=ci_in_the_classroom/more_photos.html
 9. Team Accelerated Instruction (TAI)

This form of learning is a combination of cooperative /

collaborative learning with individual learning. Gradually, each
group member is given questions that they must work on
themselves first. After that, assessment is carried out together
in groups. If the first step problem has been resolved correctly,
each student works on the next step questions. But if a
student has not been able to solve the first stage problem
correctly, he must solve another problem at the same stage.
Each step of the problem is arranged based on the level of
difficulty of the problem. Assessment is based on individual
and group learning outcomes.
https://mgmpfisikagarut.wordpress.com/2016/05/29/pembelajaran-kooperatif-tai-team-
accelerated-instruction/
 10. Cooperative Integrated Reading and
Composition (CIRC)

This learning model is

similar to TAI. As the name
implies, this learning
model emphasizes
reading, writing and
grammar learning. In this
learning, students assess
each other's ability to
read, write and grammar,
both in writing and
verbally in their groups.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
a. Advantages
• Students learn deliberation
• Students learn to respect the opinions of others
• Can develop critical and rational ways of thinking
• Can foster a sense of cooperation
• Fair competition

b. Weakness
• Students' opinions and questions can deviate from the subject matter.
• Requires a lot of time.
• The existence of personal traits that want to stand out or vice versa,
the weak feel inferior and always dependent on others.
• Roundness or material conclusions are sometimes difficult to achieve
CONCLUSION