WELCOME TO OUR

PRESENTATION

Topic: Secondary
Memory
Presented By: Presented To:
JONSHU ARYA Ms. Sonal Anand
ARUN BALHARA
AADITYA KAKKAR
ANURAG SANJAY
HONEY GOEL
 OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 What is Secondary Memory?
 The Advantages of Secondary Memory
 The Disadvantages of Secondary Memory
 Evolution of Secondary Memory Devices
 Types of Secondary Memory
 Types of Optical Disk
 Why we use Secondary Memory Devices
 Conclusion
 Introduction
Every computer system consists of a variety of devices to store the
instructions and data required for its operation. The instructions and
data are stored in the memory (storage) unit of the computer. The
memory components of a computer system can be divided into
following main groups:
Primary Memory (Main Memory),
Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory), and
Internal Processor Memory.
 What is Secondary Memory?
Secondary memory technology refers to storage devices and storage media
that are not always directly accessible by a computer. This differs from
primary memory technology, such as an internal hard drive, which is
constantly available.

In Computer Science, “Any means of storing and retrieving data external to

the main computer itself but accessible to the program.”
 Secondary Memory

Used in a computer system to overcome the limitations of primary memory,

 Has virtually unlimited capacity because the cost per bit of storage is very low,
Has an operating speed far slower than that of the primary memory,
 Used to store large volumes of data on a permanent basis,
Also known as auxiliary memory.
The Advantages of Secondary Memory
The advantages of Secondary Memory are given below:
Secondary memory devices are safe, reliable and permanent.
High speed storage device.
Huge volume data are stored.
Less expensive.
It is nonvolatile.
 The Disadvantages of Secondary Memory

The Disadvantages of Secondary memory are given below:

While RAM electronic storage devices are fast, secondary memory
devices are slower because they are electro-mechanical.
The information on the secondary device has to be first located,
then copied and moved to the primary memory or RAM.
Takes more time.
 Evolution of Secondary Memory
The first hard drive was used in 1956 which is created by IBM and
whose capacity was 5 MB.
In 1971, IBM introduced a technology called the floppy disk,
At the beginning of the 1980s the first optical devices were released by
Sony and Philips. This drive can store approximately 650 to 700 of data.
From 1990 till now there are many devices created like card reader,
Memory Stick, Multimedia Card etc.
 Types of Secondary Memory
There are three main types of secondary memory:
Magnetic Tape.
Magnetic Disk.
Optical Disk.
 Types of Secondary Memory
Magnetic Tape:
 Oldest storage device,
 Used for large computer like mainframe
computers,
 Made of plastic coated with magnetic material,
 Store data permanently,
 Used to read and write data,
 Cost of storing data is expensive,
 Used in reels.
 Types of Secondary Memory
Mag ne tic Dis k:
 A thin circular metal or plas tic dis k coated with
magnetic material,
 Stored data in the form of magnetic spots ,
 A random acces s device,
 Fas ter than magnetic tape.
There are three main types of magnetic dis k:
i. Hard Dis k
ii. Floppy Dis k
iii. Zip Dis k
 Types of Magnetic Disk
Hard Disk:
 Usually used as secondary storage,
 Also called fixed disk,
 Consists of one or more metal plates,
 Metal plates are coated with magnetic
material to store data,
 Also have an access arm and read / write
heads.
 Types of Magnetic Disk (cont...)
Floppy Disk:
 A small plastic plate coated with
magnetic material,
 Stored data in magnetic spots,
 Used to transfer data from one
computer to another.
 Types of Magnetic Disk (cont...)

Zip Disk :
 Similar to 3 ½ inch floppy
disk,
 Can store 100 MB or more
data.
 Used to read and write data.
 Types of Secondary Storage (cont...)

Optical Disk:
 Used LASER technology to read and write data,
 LASER stands for Light Amplification through Emission of
Radiation,
 Laser beam writes on the surface of optical disk by creating very
small holes.
 The presence of hole represents a One, and
 absence of the hole represents a Zero.
 Types of Optical Disk
There are following main types of optical dis k:
i. CD-ROM.
ii. CD-R or WORM
iii. CD-RW
iv. DVD-ROM
v. DVD-R
vi. DVD-RW
 Types of Optical Disk (cont…)
 CD-ROM :
 Stands for Compact Disk-Read
Only Memory,
 Data stored can only be read,
 Data can be easily transferred,
 Commonly can store 650 MB / 700
MB/ 750 MB data.
 Types of Optical Disk (cont…)

CD-R (CD Rec ordable ) Or WORM:

 Compact disc recordable,
 An optical secondary storage device,
 Invented by Sony and Philips,
 Also known as a WORM (write once
read many),
 Can store data on it only once.
 Types of Optical Disk (cont…)
CD-RW ( CD Rewritable ):
 Stands for Compact Dis k Rewritable,
 Special type of CD,
 Can write data on it,
 CD-Writers are used to s tore data.
 Types of Optical Disk (cont…)

DVD - Digital Video Dis k (DVD-

ROM):
 Stands for Digital Video Dis k,
 Used a laser beam with a short wave
length
 Create very small holes on the surface of
dis k.
 Can s tore up to 17 GB or more data.
 Types of Optical Disk (cont…)

DVD-R (DVD-Re c ordable ):

 Stands for Digital Video Dis k Recordable,
 Initially a blank dis k,
 Can s tore data only once,
 Becomes read only,
 Normally used to s tore high definition video movies .
 Types of Optical Disk (cont…)
DVD-RW ( DVD Rewritable ):
 Stands for Digital Video Dis k
Rewritable.
 Can write data many times by
eras ing the old data.
 Why we use Secondary Storage Devices

 It is non volatile and permanent.

 Used for a very simple task backing up data.
 Used to serve as an external hard drive.
 Becoming more and more portable as technology progresses.
 Many businesses will connect secondary storage devices to share files.
 Keep data on them for future use.
 Additional space for data.
 Conclusion
The primary memory is costly, not a permanent storage
media and has limited capacity. The secondary memory
is the storage other than main memory, and is used for
storing large data files, system programs and the like
which are not continuously required by the CPU. It
also serves as an overflow memory when the capacity of
the main memory is exceeded.
 References
 Elements of Computer Science by S.K. Sarkar & A. K.
Gupta
 en.wikipedia.org
 www.slideshare.net
 www.techterms.com
 answers.ask.com
Thank
you