BY

M P SHRIVASTAVA
A turbine is any kind of spinning device that
uses the action of a fluid to produce work.
Typical fluids are: air, wind, water, steam
and helium.
In the history of energy conversion,
however, the gas turbine is relatively new.
The first practical gas turbine used to
generate electricity ran at Neuchatel,
Switzerland in 1939, and was developed by
the Brown Boveri Company.
Actually a gas turbine (as shown schematically
in Fig. 1) has a compressor to draw in and
compress gas (most usually air); a combustor
(or burner) to add fuel to heat the compressed
air; and a turbine to extract power from the hot
air flow. The gas turbine is an internal
combustion (IC) engine employing a continuous
combustion process.
 GAS TUBINE FOR POWER
GENERATION INTRODUCTION
The use of gas turbines for generating
electricity dates back to 1939. Today, gas turbines
are one of the most widely-used power generating
technologies. Gas turbines are a type of internal
combustion (IC) engine in which burning of an air-
fuel mixture produces hot gases that spin a turbine
to produce power.
Gas turbines can utilize a variety of fuels, including
natural gas, fuel oils, and synthetic fuels.
Combustion occurs continuously in gas turbines, as
opposed to reciprocating IC engines, in which
combustion occurs intermittently.
HOW DO GAS TURBINES WORK?

Gas turbines are comprised of three

primary sections mounted on the same
shaft: the compressor, the combustion
chamber (or combustor) and the turbine.
The compressor can be either axial flow or
centrifugal flow. Axial flow compressors are
more common in power generation
because they have higher flow rates and
efficiencies.
The compressed air is mixed with fuel injected
through nozzles. The fuel and compressed air
can be pre-mixed or the compressed air can be
introduced directly into the combustor. The fuel-
air mixture ignites under constant pressure
conditions and the hot combustion products
(gases) are directed through the turbine
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
GAS TUBINES ENGINES
 Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared
to reciprocating engines;
 Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the
same power rating.
 Moves in one direction only, with far less
vibration than a reciprocating engine.
 Fewer moving parts than reciprocating
engines.
 Greater reliability, particularly in applications
where sustained high power output is required
 Waste heat is dissipated almost entirely in the
exhaust. This results in a high temperature
exhaust stream that is very usable for boiling
water in a combined cycle, or forcogeneration.
 Low operating pressures.
 High operation speeds.
 Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.
 Can run on a wide variety of fuels.
 Very low toxic emissions of CO and HC due to
excess air, complete combustion and no
"quench" of the flame on cold surfaces.
DISADVANTAGE OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES

 Cost is very high

 Less efficient than reciprocating engines at
idle speed
Gas turbines accept most commercial
fuels, such as petrol, natural
gas, propane, diesel, and kerosene as well
as renewable fuels such
as E85, biodiesel and biogas. However,
when running on kerosene or diesel,
starting.
One modern development seeks to
improve efficiency in another way, by
separating the compressor and the turbine
with a compressed air store.
Gas turbines can be particularly efficient—up
to at least 60%—when waste heat from the
turbine is recovered by a heat recovery steam
generator to power a conventional steam
turbine in a combined cycle configuration.
Another significant advantage is their ability to
be turned on and off within minutes, supplying
power during peak, or unscheduled, demand.
Since single cycle (gas turbine only) power
plants are less efficient than combined cycle
plants,
A large single-cycle gas turbine typically
produces 100 to 400 megawatts of electric
power and has 35–40% thermal efficiency.
TYPES OF GAS TUBINES

1. Jet Engines.
2. Turboprop engines.
GAS TURBINE CYCLES
OPERATION

Air is compressed from point 1 to point 2. This

increases the pressure as the volume of space
occupied by the air is reduced.
A combined cycle gas turbine power plant,
frequently identified by the abbreviation CCGT,
is essentially an electrical power plant in which
a gas turbine and a steam turbine are used in
combination to achieve greater efficiency than
would be possible independently. The gas
turbine drives an electrical generator.
THANKS