Practice Test:

1.What is the main cause of tornadoes?

• Hurricanes

• Tropical Storms

• Thunderstorms
Wherever you are, if you hear or see a tornado
coming, what should you do?

 Run away from the tornado as fast as possible.

 Stay where you are and do not move.

 Take cover right away.

 What causes most flash flooding?
 Tornadoes.

 Slow-moving thunderstorms, thunderstorms repeatedly moving over the

same area, or heavy rains from hurricanes and tropical storms.

 Hailstorms.

 What factors contribute to flooding?

 Rainfall intensity.

 Rainfall duration.

 BOTH of the above; rainfall intensity and rainfall duraiton.

 What is a hurricane?

 A small intense storm originating in mountainous areas.

 A large intense storm originating in the tropics.

 NEITHER of the above

 What is the most damaging result of a hurricane?
.
 Rain

 Storm surge

 High winds
 f you are in an area at risk from hurricanes, what are
some things you can do to plan for a hurricane?

 Develop a Family Disaster Plan.

 Develop an Evacuation Plan.

 Learning Outcomes:

Distinguish and differentiate among

different hydrometeorogical hazards.

Recognize signs and impending

hydrometeorological hazards.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
• Weather, water and climate related hazards.
• Processes or phenomena of atmospheric
hydrological oroceanographic nature that may
cause:

• LOSS OF LIFE
• INJURY OR OTHER HEALTH IMPACTS
• PROPERTY DAMAGES
• LOSS OF LIVELIHOODS AND SERVICES
• SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DISRUPTIONS
• ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
 Hydrometeorological hazards include:
1.Tropical cyclones ( also known as typhoons and hurricanes)
2. Thunderstorms
3. Hailstorms
4. Tornadoes
5. Blizzards
6. Heavy Snowfall
7. Avalanches
8. Storm Surges
9. Floods including flash floods
10. Drought
11. Heat Waves
12. Cold Spells
 Hydrometeorological conditions also can
be factor in other hazards such as:

Landslides
Wild Fires
Locust Plague
Epidemics
Volcanic Eruptions
The ff. are the most common hydrometeorological hazards
as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration ( NOAA ).
CYCLONE
• is an intense low
pressure system which
is characterized by
strong spiral winds
towards the center,
called the "EYE" in a
counter-clockwise flow
in the northern
hemisphere.
 Classification of Cyclone

Tropical Depression- maximum winds from 35

kph to 63kph.
 Tropical Storm- maximum winds
from 64kph to 118kph.
Typhoon- maximum winds exceeding 118kph.
TYPHOON

• is a large, powerful, and violent tropical

cyclone.
• it is a low pressure area rotating
counterclockwise and containing rising
warm air that forms over warm water in the
Western Pacific Ocean.
• a typhoon is called a hurricane in the
Atlantic Ocean, a cyclone in the Indian
Ocean, and wily-wily in Australia.
Signs of an Impending Typhoon or Hurricane

• Every typhoon/hurricane is different and there

are many factors that contribute to its
development.
• The ff. are the general sequence of events that
could occur during the development of
CATEGORY 2 typhoon/hurricane approaching a
coastal area. ( Herald Tribune,2011 )
 96 hrs.before landfall:
aren't any apparent signs of a storm.The barometer are
steady, winds are light variable,and fair-weather cumus
clouds appear.
72 hrs. before landfall:
little has changed,except that the swell on the ocean
surface has increased to about six feet and the waves come
in every 9 seconds.
 48 hrs. before landfall:
the sky is now clear of clouds, the barometer is steady, and
the wind is almost calm. The swell is about 9 feet and
coming every 8 seconds.
 36 hrs. before landfall:
The first signs of the storm appear.The barometer is falling
slightly, the wind is about 11 mph, and the ocean swell is
about 13 feet and coming in 7 seconds apart.
On the horizon, a large mass ofwhite cirrus clouds
appear.As the veil of clouds approaches, it covers more of
the horizon. A hurricane watch is issued, and areas with
long evacuation times are given the order to begin.
30 hrs. before landfall:
The skyis covered by a high overcast. The barometer is
falling at .1 millibar per hour; winds pickup to about
23mph.Theocean swell, coming in 5 seconds apart, is
beginning to obscured by wind-driven waves, and
small whitecaps begin to appear on the ocean surface.
  24 Hrs. before the landfall:
Small ow clouds appear overhead. Evacuations shoud be
completed and final preparations made by this time. A
hurricane warning is issued, and people iving in ow lying
areas and in mobie homes are ordered to evacuate.
 18 hrs. before landfall:
The ow clouds are thicker and bring driving rain squas with
gusty winds. The winds are whistling by at 46 mph. IT is
hard to stand against the wind.
 12 hrs. before landfall:
The rain squalls are more frequent and the winds don't
diminish after they depart. The cloud ceiling is getting
lower.The wind is howling at hurricne force at 74 mph. The
sea advances with every storm wave that crashes
ashore,and foam patches.
 6 hrs. before landfall:
The rain is constant and the wind drives it horizontally, the
storm surge has advanced above the high tide mark. The
sea surface a whitish mass of spray. It is impossible to
stand upright without bracing yourself.
1 hr. before landfall:
The rain becomes heavier. Low areas become flooded. The
sea is white with foam and straeks. The storm surge has
covered coastal roads and 16 foot waves crash into
buildings near the shore.
LANDFALL -THE EYE OF THE STORM
Just as the storm reaches its peak, the winds begin to
sacken, and the sky starts to brighten. The rain ends
abruptly, and the clouds break and blue sky is seen. The
winds fall to near calm, but the air is uncomfortably warm
and humid. Huge wall of clouds appear on every side,
briliant white in the sunlight.
• is a rise of seawater above normal sea
level on the coast, generated by the action
of weather elements, such as cyclonic
wind and and atmospheric pressure.
• sea level is raised and driven towards the
coast.
• where the depth is shallow and the slope
of the sea bed is gradual,the natural flow
of the water is delayed bythe effect of
friction on the sea bed.
TOOLS IN TRACKING THE STORM

• SATELLITE- This is
the most advanced
technoly used in
monitoring a cyclone
or typhoon. It can
visualize exactly in
real time and
formation of a
cyclone.
DOPPLER RADAR

• RADAR- Is an acronym for Radio Detection and

Ranging.
• Weather RADAR is a certain type of radar known as
DOPPLER RADAR,doppler effect which recognizes that
the frequency of shift waves bounced off of an object is
related to objects velocity towards or away from the
observer.