FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING

JAMAICA AND MALAYSIA

HEALTH-RELATED NORMS AND PREFERENCES OF MEDICAL PRACTICES
PRESENTORS

dela Paz, Bianca

Doroquez, Bea
Ligsa, Klarenze
Peliña, Judiel
Viray, Krisha Myrtle
DISCUSSION FLOW
01 Introduction to Culturally Responsive Care

02 Health care in Malaysia then and now

03 Health care in Jamaica then and now

04 Norms and preferences in Malaysia in

summary
05 Norms and preferences in Jamaica in
summary
Culturally Responsive Care
Introduction
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE CARE

One’s culture

Other’s culture
RESPOND RESPECTFULLY

According to the Minnesota Public Health

Association’s Immigrant Health Task
Force, culturally responsive care, or
cultural competence in health care, is
defined as the ability of individuals and
PRESERVATION OF DIGNITY
systems to respond respectfully and
effectively to people of all cultures, in a
manner that affirms the worth and
preserves the dignity of individuals, families,
and communities.
Malaysia
Health care then and now
 01 03
Under Preventing and
Ministry of reducing disease
burden
Health

02 04
Two-tier Enhancing
health care healthcare
system delivery system
HEALTH CARE THEN AND NOW
THEN
• Undergone radical
transformations
• Earliest pre-colonial medical care
was confined to traditional
remedies current among local
populations of Malays, Chinese,
Indian and other ethnic groups.
• The advent of colonialism brought
western medical practice into the
country.
• Since August 1957, the system of
medical care transferred from the
British colonial rule has been
transformed to meet the needs of
emerging diseases, as well as
national political requirements.
NOW
• Widespread system of health care
• Universal healthcare system
• Divided into private and public
sectors; public provision is rather
basic, especially in rural areas.
• ‘Use according to need, pay
according to ability’
• Malaysian society places
importance on the expansion and
development of healthcare,
putting 5% of the government
social sector development budget
into public healthcare, an increase
of more than 47% over the
previous figure.
Jamaica
Health care then and now
 01 03
Free to all citizens and Health minister
legal residents at working
government hospitals tirelessly
and clinics

02 04
Medical facilities Patient must
have outgrown its purchase her own
efficiency hospitals supplies
HEALTH CARE THEN AND NOW
THEN
• Abolition of the slave trade,
the collapse of estate-based
services after emancipation
• Establishment of the Island
Medical Services in 1875
• Primary health care
• The National Weekly calls on
the Diaspora to utilize its
available, relevant resources
to meet Jamaica’s healthcare
challenges
NOW
• Development has been
most notable in terms of the
training of health care
professionals, progress in
immunization coverage,
and the provision and
expansion of health
infrastructure.
• No User Fee policy of 2008
• Hospital A, B and C
Malaysia
Summary
SUMMARY

A variety of traditional medical systems thrive with vigour in Malaysia among the Malay, Orang Asli, Iba,
Kadazan and Chinese peoples. The bases of these systems reflect the cultural concept of the “universe”
of each ethnic group. It is noted that traditional medicine accommodates a larger proportion of illness
thought to be due to supernatural causes than does modern medicine. Traditional medicine is
supportive, personal and holistic in its approach in contrast with modern scientific medicine which tends
to be mechanistic, impersonal, organ-oriented and individualistic. Modern and traditional medical system
s are viewed as potentially complementary rather than contradictory. The traditional medicine-man can
be viewed as a ritual specialist and a focus of social and emotional support for the patient, such a role
being complementary to the role of the modern physician.
Jamaica
Summary
SUMMARY

Universally, popular medical concepts form the basis of lay understanding of health, disease and
cure. In Jamaica these concepts first developed in association with traditional herbal medicine.
Now they are applied to the most common forms of primary care: over-the-counter and prescribed
drugs. Research findings suggest that where there is disagreement between popular and
professional medical models, as is the case in Jamaica, the effect of popular concepts is to
increase self-medication and reduce adherence to prescribed medical regimens. To ameliorate
this situation and the attendant potential risks for drug consumers, methods for providing needed
drug information and improving physician-patient communication are suggested. These
suggestions apply not only to Jamaicans living in Jamaica and the United States, but also to
members of any group whose ethnomedical concepts differ from the biomedical training of
physicians.
Thank you!
Group 5