LOAD CALCULATIONS ON

RAILWAY BRIDGES
 1 } DEAD LOAD (DL)–

a) Self wt of Superstructure
b) Wt. of P-way ( SIDL )
c) Self wt of Substructure ( Pier / Abt )
 2} LIVE LOAD (LL)
• a) Bridge Rule Appendix– XXIII for 25 T loading
• b) Bridge Rule Appendix– XXVII DFC loading
 3 } DYNAMIC AUGMENT ( CDA )
•
• CDA=0.15+ { 8 / ( 6+ L )}
• Where L is loaded length giving max stress. ( Say
Effective ength )
• But CDA not more than 1
• Total LL with impact = ( 1 +CDA ) * LL
• CDA = {2-(d-0.9)} * 0.5 * CDA
• CDA at bottom of Bed-block & upto 0.9 mt = 0.5 CDA
• CDA below 0.9 to 3 mt. decreases gradually to zero
 4 } LONGITUDINAL FORCES (LF)
• a) Bridge Rule Appendix– XXIV for 25 T loading
• b) Bridge Rule Appendix– XXVIII DFC loading
• It is due to Braking force or Tractive efforts
 5} FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE
• a) Its due to expansion / contraction of
superstructure at bearing.
 6 } FORCE DUE LWR
• Ballasted Deck without bearing need not to
check for LWR ( Slab, Box, Arch )
• Not necessary for girders without ballst
 7} EARTH PRESSURE (EP)
• a) Active eath pressure with Coulombs
Formula - - Pa = ½ Wh2 Ka
• b) Passive earth pressure Pp= 0.5*Wh2KP
 8} EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO DL &
LL SURCHARGE
• As per cl .5.8 of Substrucuture code
 9 } FORCES DUE TO WATER CURRENT
(WC)
• As per cl .5.9 of Substrucuture code
• P = KAV sq., as per
 10} BUOYANCY EFFECT (B)
• Full 100 % Buoyancy to be considered for
stability check for all types of foundation soil
• In case of rock 50 % may be considered.
11 } WIND PRESSURE EFFECT (WL)
• It is to be considered for span more than 18
mt. & perpendicular to Track
• As per cl 2.11 of Bridge Rule
 12 } SEISMIC FORCES (SF)
• It as per IRS seismic code 2017
• If bridge is in zone II & III , not to be
considered if span is less than 15 mt. & total
length less than 60 mt.
• Not necessary for Box & Pipe culverts
 13 } LOAD COMBINATIONS
• Combination I – All above forces except Wind
& Seismic
• Combination II – Combination I + Wind Force
• Combination III – Combination I + Seismic
Force
• Combination IV – Worst combination during
erection of structure
 14 } PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
• Permissible stresses given in cl. 5.14.3 of
Substructure code
• These stresses increased by 33.33 % for Load
combination II & III
• These stresses increased by 40 % for Load
combination IV.
 15 } STABILITY & FOUNDATION
PRESSURE
• Factor of safety for Overturning shall be more
than 2 in normal case & shall be more than
1.5 for seismic case
• Factor of safety for sliding shall be more than
1.5 in normal case & shall be more than 1.25
for seismic case
• Foundation pressure shall be less than SBC of
soil. In seismic case SBC of soil is increased by
25 %