ENGLISH FOR ENGINEERING

STUDENTS

IV. DESCRIBING PROCESS and PROCEDURES

 COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCE

• Transforming narrative text to block diagram,

• Process Flow Diagram;
• Describing design phases and procedures;
• Resolving design problems
 LANGUAGE COMPETENCE

• Verbs for describing stages of an engineering design process

• Verbs and nouns for describing design problems
DESCRIBING DESIGN PHASE AND
PROCEDURE
DESCRIBING PROCESS

Wood pulp is prepared by removing

the bark (the outer layer of a log).
Then the logs are chopped into chips
(very small pieces). There are two
types of pulping: chemical and
mechanical. In the chemical process,
the woodchips are cooked with
chemicals in a digester. In the
mechanical process, the woodchips
are ground mechanically in a retiner to
separate the fibres. At this stage,
different pulps in the form of slurry
from the chemical, mechanical and
waste pulp processes can be
combined in a blend chest.
Also at this stage, additives
such as dyes and bleach may
be added. The mixture, the
papermaking stock, is treated
to separate the fibres. This is
known as the refining stage.

Finally this pulp is pressed and

dried in a mill. The finished
paper is wound onto large
rolls. It is converted in to
smaller rolls or sheets for ease
of transport and use.
TASK 3. Work with the partner
Fill in gaps in the text with words from the box in their correct
form

pulp cotton chemically packaging

grades wrapping linen fibre

Paper is used for a wide range of writing, printing, ............ and .......... products.
There are two main raw materials: primary wood ......... from felled trees and
recycled waste. For the cheapest ............ of paper, such as newsprint, only pulp is
used; for better grades, chemical wood, pulp from which undesirable materials
have been .................... removed, or a mixture of pulp and rags (from .........
or.........) is used; and for the finest papers, such as the highest grades of writing
papers, only rag ........... is used.
TASK 4. Work with the partner
Based on pulping process and paragraph below, match the following
words with their definitions.
At a blend chest, additives such as dyes and bleach may be added. The mixture,
the papermaking stock, is treated to separate the fibres. This is known as the
retining stage. Finally this pulp is pressed and dried in a mill. The finished paper is
wound onto large rolls. It is converted in to smaller rolls or sheets for ease of
transport and use.
TASK 5. Work with the partner
Organize the following stages in the papermaking process into the correct order in the
flowchart.
blending the pulp - grinding woodchips - winding onto rolls - cooking woodchips with
chemicals - pressing and drying - felling trees - removing the bark
 DESCRIBING PROCEDURE

For describing procedure : use the PAST tense and the PASSIVE VOICE.
The PAST tense was used for describing how you carried out the experiment at a
time in the past. You should focus on the things you used in your experiment and
what you did with them not on yourself. The experimental procedure should be
independent of the person conducting it. This type of focus requires a special
structure of the verb which we call the PASSIVE VOICE.

Active I added hydrochloric acid (10

What you did molL-1, 50 mL) to a
warmed mixture of tin
(25.0 g) and nitrobenzene
(13.0 g) over 30 min.
Passive Hydrochloric acid (10 was added to a warmed
What was done by you molL-1, 50 mL) mixture of tin (25.0 g)
and nitrobenzene (13.0 g)
over 30 min
 DESCRIBING PROCEDURE

Encapsulation by spray drying

The feed mixture was fed into a spray dryer (JCM Engineering Concept., Thailand)
and the flow rate was maintained at 25 mL/min. The inlet air temperature of the
spray dryer was operated at 140, 160 and 180 oC (SD/140 o C, SD/160 o C and
SD/180 o C, respectively). The obtained powder was collected, packed in metallized
bags, and stored at 20 o C until analysis.
TASK 6. Fill in gaps in the text with the phrase the box below
 LINKING EXPRESSION IN DESCRIBING A PROCESS

FIRST STAGE NEXT STAGE LAST STAGE

- The first / initial - At this point… - Finally,…
stage/step/ part of the - The next step… - The last/final step is…
process is… - Subsequently… - To bring the process to
- To start with… - After/following that.. a close…
- At the beginning/start - The following step is …, - The process concludes
of the process… and then … with/by….
- First of all… - …, after which…
- Firstly… - After having, …
- To begin with… - When that stage is
- Initially… finished/completed…
- The process/cycle starts - Once…
with… - Having complete …., the
- The start of the …. Moven on to…
process/cycle is… - As soon as…
- At first… - This is followed by…
SEE YOU NEXT WEEK