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MEng 3105
BY
Desta G.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Heat transfer is thermal energy in transit, which occurs as a result
of a temperature gradient or difference.
Whenever there exists a temperature difference Heat Transfer
MUST exist.
This temperature difference is thought of as a driving force that
causes heat to flow.
Thermal energy: Thermal energy is associated with the
translation, rotation, vibration and electronic states of the atoms
and molecules that comprise matter.
It represents the cumulative effect of microscopic activities and is
directly linked to the temperature of matter.
Heat Transfer :
Fig. 1.1: Example heating. Fig. 1.2 Example cooling. Fig. 1.3 Example cooking.
Cont...
Heat transfer in process/mechanical engineering:
• Heating / cooling
• Vaporizing
• Energy conversion
Fig. 1.5:
Example Fig. 1.6: Example steam
Fig. 1.4: Example heat vaporizer. generator.
exchanger.
Heat Transfer Methods
Convection involves the transfer of heat by the motion and mixing of "macroscopic"
portions of a fluid (that is, the flow of a fluid past a solid boundary)
Cont.
Convection is comprised of two fundamental phenomena
1. Diffusion
2. Macroscopic motion of molecules ( advection)
Convection occurs between a moving fluid and a solid.
Types of Convection:
1. Forced Convection: occurs when a fluid flow is induced by an
external force, such as a pump, fan or a mixer.