CHAPTER

8
 include all types of live flames, causes of
sparks, hot objects, and chemicals that are
potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a
fire to become large and uncontrolled
 include all types of potential threats to fire
prevention practices, fire fighting, built-in fire
safety systems and situations that restrict the
escape of people from an affected building or
area in the event of a fire.
 pose threats to life and property
 The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

All types of flames used for any work

All works and situations where fire is essential such as welding,
cutting, metal casting etc.
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

Electric wires,
higher loads,
loose
connections and
old electrical
equipment
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

All cooking and heat generating

appliances
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

Improper storage of tools, equipment and

items during and at the end of the day’s work
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:
Smoking and
personal lighters
and matches

Fireworks, pyro-
techniques, ammunitions
and explosives
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

Improper and unauthorized storage of flammable and

hazardous materials and chemicals especially the
flammable ones
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

•Hindrance to sight or
reach fire fighting
equipment, markings and
alarm systems

•Insufficient numbers and

types of fire extinguishers

•Absence of fire detection

and alarm system
The following fire hazards are common at home, in
public places, transports and work places:

Violation of building and fire codes

  The Fire Triangle or Combustion Triangle is a
simple model for understanding the necessary
ingredients for most fires.

 The triangle illustrates the three elements a

fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing
agent (usually oxygen).

 A fire naturally occurs when the elements are

present and combined in the right
mixture,meaning that fire is actually an event
rather than a thing.

A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the

elements in the fire triangle. For example, covering a fire with a fire
blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle and can extinguish a
fire.
 Cooking equipment is the leading
cause of home structure fires and
and gome fire injuiries
 Smoking is the leading cause of
civilian home fire deaths
 Heating equipment is the second
most common cause of home fire
fatalities
Some other common causes of fire:

 Kitchen Stoves
 Faulty Wiring
Smoking in Bed
 Lighting
 Flammable Liquids
 Candles
 Children
The following response procedure was adopted from The University of
Chicago Fire Response Plan: It was summarized by the acronym RACERS:
 It is a written document which
includes the action to be taken by all
staff in the event of fire and the
arrangements for calling the fire
brigade
 Fire evacuation strategy
 Action on discovering a fire
 Action on hearing the fire alarm
 Calling the fire brigade
 Power/ process isolation
 Identification of key escape routes
 Fire marshals
 Places of assembly and roll call
 Fire fighting equipment provided
 Training required
 Personal emergency evacuation plan
 Liaison with emergency services