INTRODUCTION

Bued-Angalacan River is a major river in the island of Luzon

located in the province of Pangasinan in the Philippines.

Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling

System (HEC HMS) – designed to simulate the precipitation
–runoff processes of watershed system (USACE, 2010).

Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC

RAS) – designed to perform one dimensional hydraulic
calculations for a full network of natural constructed
channels (USACE, 2010)

Flood Hazard Mapping typically provides a ‘snapshot’ of

flood risk at a given point in time.
Location of the Bued-Angalacan river basin relative to
the Philippines
OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to calibrate and generate one

dimensional flood hazard maps through the use of combined
HEC HMS and HEC RAS using hypothetical and extreme
rainfall events in Bued-Angalacan River.
METHODOLOGY
SAR DEM
Soil and Land Cover
Hydrological Measurements

HEC HMS
Model

Calibrated HEC
HMS
Model
LiDAR DEM, Land Cover,
Rainfall Intensity Duration Calibrated Discharge at
Frequency (5, 10, 25, 50 and Different Return Period (5, 10,
100 years) 25, 50 and 100 years)

HEC-RAS
Model

Flood Hazard

Framework for application of combined HEC HMS-HEC RAS for flood hazard mapping in
Bued-Angalacan River Basin
 HEC HMS Model Development
Three (3) specific components
in Modeling HEC-HMS
• basin model
• meteorological model,
• set control specifications

HEC-GeoHMS, was used to

Soil map of the Bued-Angalacan River Basin. (Source of data:
prepare the basin model. The
Bureau of Soil and Water Management Department of Agriculture) basin utilized the 10-m
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Digital Elevation Model (SAR
DEM), soil map, land cover
map.

Land cover map of the Bued-Angalacan River Basin. (Source 10 m- SARDEM

of data: National Mapping andResource Information Authority)
Calibration of HEC-HMS Model

HEC HMS model calibration was in Don Calimlim

Bridge (16°1' 45.5118"N, 120° 27' 24.8499"E).
Hydrological data necessary for calibration was
gathered from this station last 10/01/2015 to
10/05/2015 with the use of water level and velocity
meter with data logger together with the river cross- Location map of rain gauges used for the calibration of the
Bued-Angalacan HEC HMS model.
sectional data

Location of rain gauges was found in the

Municipality of Laoac and Binalonan, Pangasinan

Rainfall and outflow data used for modeling

HEC RAS Model Development

1-m LIDAR DEM integrated with river bed data was

used as the primary source of the cross-section data.

HEC GeoRAS is the pre-processor of HEC RAS, and it

basically prepares the model‘s geometric data.

The unsteady flow module of HEC RAS was used to

determine the water surface profiles for flood inundation
mapping.

1m LiDAR DEM
Flood Hazard Map Generation for Different Rainfall Events

Categorizations:

• Low hazard for depths of less than 0.50 m

• Medium hazard for depths from 0.50 m to 1.50 m
• High hazard for depths of greater than 1.50 m.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Generated Basin Model

The basin model consisted of 69 watersheds
(sub-basins), 34 reaches, and 34 junctions
(including the main outlet). The delineated
watersheds range from 0.043 to 29.82 km2 in
area, and with an average area of 8.88 km2.

The Bued-Angalacan basin model showing the delineated

watersheds/sub-basins, reaches and junctions.
 HEC HMS Model Performance
Bued-Angacalan Outflow Hydrograph
• Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 4.5 m3/s.
• Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) = 0.992 300

• Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) = 1.00 250

• Percent Bias (PBIAS) = 0.50

Observed Discharge
200
Actual Outflow

• Observation Standard Deviation Ratio (RSR) = 0.07

(m3/s)
150

HEC-HMS Outflow
100 (m3/s)
Table 1. HEC HMS performance ratings based on three model performance evaluation statistics.
Statistics 50
Performance
Rating NSE PBIAS RSR 0
01Oct2015, 02Oct2015, 03Oct2015, 04Oct2015,
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00

Very good 0.75<NSE≤ 1.00 PBIAS< ± 10 0.00<RSR≤0.50 Date and Time

Good 0.65<NSE≤ 0.75 ± 10≤ PBIAS< ± 15 0.50<RSR≤0.60

Satisfactory 0.50<NSE≤ 0.65 ± 15≤ PBIAS< ± 25 0.60<RSR≤0.70

Outflow Hydrograph of Bued-Angalacan produced by the HEC-HMS
model compared with observed outflow.
Unsatisfactory NSE≤ 0.50 PBIAS< ± 25 RSR>0.70

Source: Moriasi (2007)

Model Outflow using Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency (RIDF) Analysis Data

Pangasinan RIDF

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) computed the Rainfall Intensity
Duration Frequency (RIDF) values for the
Pangasinan Rain Gauge.

All return periods were registered for 24

hours and the peak periods are noted after 12
hours.

Pangasinan Rainfall-Intensity Duration Frequency (RIDF) curves.

Model Outflow using Rainfall Intensity Duration
Frequency (RIDF) Analysis Data
Bued-Angalacan Outflow
Results using RIDF 2500

2000
• Simulation results showed significant increase in
outflow magnitude as the rainfall intensity

Discharge, cms
1500
5yr_RIDF
increases for a range of durations and return 10yr_RIDF

periods. 1000 25yr_RIDF

50yr_RIDF
100yr_RIDF

500
Table 2. Peak values of the Bued-Angalacan HEC-HMS Model outflow using the Pangasinan RIDF.

Total
RIDF Peak Peak 0
Precipitation

3:40
7:50

0:30
4:40
8:50

1:30
5:40
9:50

2:30
6:40
11:00
15:10
19:20
23:30

12:00
16:10
20:20

13:00
17:10
21:20

14:00
18:10
22:20

10:50
Period rainfall outflow Time to Peak
(mm)
(mm) Time, min
(m 3/s)
5-Year 246.7 33.9 1282.3 10 hrs. 20 min.
Bued-Angalacan Outflow -Using the Pangasinan Rainfall Intensity Duration
10-Year 293.6 40.5 1518.6 10 hrs. 20 min. Frequency (RIDF) Curves
25-Year 352.9 48.9 1815.1 10 hrs. 20 min.
50-Year 396.8 55.1 2034.9 10 hrs. 10 min.
100-Year 440.5 61.2 2253.1 10 hrs. 10 min.
Geometric Representation

• The river and floodplain geometry of Bued-

Angalacan river was collected through
conduct of bathymetric and cross section
surveys. The geometric representation of
Bued-Angalacan river has a total of 81 cross-
section lines with an interval of 200 m

Geometric representation of Bued-Angalacan River

1-D Simulated Flood Hazard Maps due to Hypothetical, Extreme Rainfall Events

1D-Simulated flood hazard map of Bued-Angalacan River Basin for a 5-year rainfall event
1-D Simulated Flood Hazard Maps due to Hypothetical, Extreme Rainfall Events

1D-Simulated flood hazard map of Bued-Angalacan River Basin for a 10-year rainfall event
1-D Simulated Flood Hazard Maps due to Hypothetical, Extreme Rainfall Events

1D-Simulated flood hazard map of Bued-Angalacan River Basin for a 25-year rainfall event
1-D Simulated Flood Hazard Maps due to Hypothetical, Extreme Rainfall Events

1D-Simulated flood hazard map of Bued-Angalacan River Basin for a 50-year rainfall event
1-D Simulated Flood Hazard Maps due to Hypothetical, Extreme Rainfall Events

1D-Simulated flood hazard map of Bued-Angalacan River Basin for a 100-year rainfall event
Table 3. Area (Km2) of Municipalities affected by flood at different return period.
Municipalities of Pangasinan
RIDF Category Dagupan
Manaoag Mangaldan Mapandan San Fabian San Jacinto
City
Low 0.06 0.00 0.95 0.44 3.59 2.25
5 - year Medium 0.40 0.00 0.75 0.43 4.65 0.99
High 0.08 0.00 1.43 0.37 2.70 0.34
Low 0.05 0.01 1.38 0.58 3.53 2.29
10 - year Medium 0.40 0.00 1.01 0.65 5.45 1.92
High 0.10 0.00 1.55 0.42 3.27 0.41
Low 0.05 0.03 1.74 0.78 3.14 2.25
25 - year Medium 0.31 0.00 1.44 0.93 6.33 2.87
High 0.21 0.00 1.70 0.56 4.02 0.52
Low 0.05 0.06 1.77 0.91 2.74 2.15
50 - year Medium 0.24 0.00 1.82 1.09 6.70 3.48
High 0.29 0.00 1.81 0.71 4.66 0.61
Low 0.05 0.09 1.67 1.01 2.35 2.02
100 - year Medium 0.20 0.00 2.22 1.28 6.90 3.98
High 0.35 0.00 1.93 0.84 5.28 0.72
Related articles and news

A news published on July 19, 2015 stated that 35

barangays in 9 towns and cities in Pangasinan
including San Fabian were flooded caused by two
weeks of continuous monsoon rains (Locsin, 2015).

Typhoon Pepeng (International name, Parma) in

October, 2009 devasted Northern Luzon wherein
many houses in Pangasinan were washed out from the
destructive typhoon which forced a number of
families to flee their homes (Merueñas, 2009).

Floods triggered by Pepeng swallow subdivision in San Fabian, Pangasinan.

Pablo Erfe (Merueñas, 2009)
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

The model was found to have a "very good" performance in predicting discharge hydrographs at the upstream
station.

The hazard maps of Bued-Angalacan river indicate increase in flood affected areas as the return period increases.
Most of the areas that will be affected by the flood is in the town of San Fabian which is located at the
downstream portion of the river basin.

The flood hazard maps would provide important information for preparation, evacuation, and damage estimation.
The maps also indicate which areas are to be avoided if such flood events are expected to occur.

Actual field validation of generated flood hazard maps at different return periods is recommended to make it more
reliable.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for the financial
assistance. The research team would like to acknowledge also the support and help of DREAM Project
and PHIL-LiDAR 1 Project at University of the Philippines-Diliman especially Dr. Enrico C. Paringit
and his team for the cross section data, DEM’s used in this study. Sincere thanks is also being
conveyed to the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and
Development (PCIEERD), DOST as the monitoring agency of the research project.
Thank you!!!