VASCULAR PLANTS

GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS

MAGAT, 2019
GYMNOSPERMS
• Flowerless but has seeds; “Naked
Seed Plants”
• Woody plants
• Seeds are not enclosed by carpals;
in seed scales arranged in cones
• Needle-like or scale-like leaves
• Most ancient seed plants
• Arise during Devonian period from
fern ancestors
• 70 genera; 600 species
Four Divisions of Gymnosperms
1. Division Coniferophyta
2. Division Cycadophyta
3. Division Ginkgophyta
4. Division Gnetophyta
1. Division Coniferophyta
• Has the most number of species (about 550 sp.)
• Most widespread
• Produces the more familiar vegetation types
• Example: taiga and temperate forests
2. Division Cycadophyta
 Palm-like, slow-growing plants
 Dominant plant life during Jurassic period (“Age of
Dinosaurs”);“living fossils”
 Representative genus is Cycas (evergreen with
attractive foliage; is heavily promoted as
landscape plant
 Occurs in tropical and warm temperate areas
3. Division Ginkgophyta
• Includes only one living
representative, Ginkgo biloba
(“maidenhair tree”)
• G. biloba is a tall tree (12 to 37
meters tall); deciduous, with fan-
shaped leaves
• male and female cones are borne
on separate trees (dioecious)
• Cones bear seeds enclosed in
fleshy integument.
4. Division Gnetophyta
• Made up of 3 genera, namely, Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitshcia
• Has angiosperm-like characteristics: net-veined leaves, presence of
vessels in xylem, and integument around the ovule.
• 20 or more tropical species
ANGIOSPERMS
• Plants that produce flowers, and
their seeds are enclosed within
ovary wall.
• True Flowering Plants
• Classified by Theophrastus, John
Ray and de Jussieau
• Divided into:
• Monocots ( Class Liliopsida)
• Dicots (Class Magnoliopsida)
Monocots vs. Dicots
Basis of Comparisons Monocots Dicots
No. of cotyledon Single Two
No. of flower plants In multiples of 3 In multiples of 3 or 5
Type of leaf venation Parallel Reticulated or netted
Arrangement of Scattered Ring-like
vascular bundle
Type of root system Fibrous or Taproot; develops
adventitious from radicle
Secondary growth Absent Present
 Vascular—Seed Producing Plants
ANGIOSPERMS
• Produce flowers, pollen, fruit

• Seed enclosed (covered) in

fruit

• Fruit: Ripened part of the

plant where seeds are
formed.

• More than ½ of all known

plant species are
Angiosperms
 FLOWERS
• Functions- reproductive organ of the plant
• Structures-
• Petals- colored portion of the flower
• Sepals- outermost
portion of the flower
• Flowers are
colorful to attract
pollinators such
as insects & birds
 Female Parts-Pistil
1. Stigma- sticky top of pistil for
pollen to be deposited
2. Style- stalk connecting stigma to ovary
3. Ovary- contains ovule, where eggs are
found
4. Ovule- will
become
seeds if
fertilized
 Male parts- Stamen
1. Anther- top of stamen, releases pollen
2. Filament- stalk attaching anther to stem
 TYPES
Complete flowers
•Contain sepals, petals,
stamens, and pistils

Incomplete flowers
•Lacking 1 or more
organs
•May have separately
sexed flowers
What is this
flower missing?
•Ex-Holly
 Pollination
• Transfer of pollen from
one plant to another
• Transferred by:
• Animals (Cross Pollination):
• Usually brightly colored flowers, prod.
nectar, for
attraction
• Wind
• Water
 Reproduction
• Pollen grain reaches Stigma
• Each has 2 haploid sperm cells (1N)
• Tube cell forms tube into ovary
• Double
fertilization
occurs
• Then, flower
parts die &
SEED dev.!!!
 ALTERNATION OF GENERATION
Section 24-1 Life Cycle of an Angiosperm
 Fruits
• A fruit is a ripened ovary
containing seeds
• Protects seed while dev.
• Types:
• Simple- formed from
single ovary
EX: Apple, Pear
• Aggregate:- formed from
flowers with many ovaries
EX: Blackberry
• Multiple: formed from many
fused flowers
EX: Pineapple
 Quiz #4 Flowers IN 95
1. The stigma, style and ovary make up the _____ of a flower.
A. pistil B. stamen C. gametes D. sepals
2. Pollination can occur by:
A. animals B. water C. both of these D. none
3. Identify this flower as either: Complete (A)
or Incomplete (B)

4. ________ fruit form from many ovaries .

A. Simple B. Multiple C. Aggregate D. Bold
5. The major difference between Angiosperms & Gymnosperms
is that Angiosperms produce…
A. Fruit B. Cones C. Leaves D. Stems