INSTRUMENTATION

IRINEO P. QUINTO
ECE / REE

10/25/2019 1
 D’ ARSONVAL MOVEMENT

•N •S

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 DC AMMETER
Rm

Im

Rm – COIL RESISTANCE
Im – AMMETER SENSITIVITY
(A) or COIL CURRENT LIMIT
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 MULTIPLIER RESISTANCE
Rm

Im

RSH
IL
IL Rm
1 + MFA
Im RSH
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 MULTIRANGE AMMETER
Rm

Im

R1 1

R2 2

R3 3

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 AMMETER LOADING
ERROR
MEASURED VALUE
%AA = 100
ACTUAL VALUE

E E
Ra I= IA =
A Rs Rs + Ra

E IA Rs
Rs
%AA = 100
Rs + Ra
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 DC VOLTMETER
Rm

Im

Vm

SV = 1 / Im = Rv / RANGE ohms/V
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 DC VOLTMETER
Rm
Rs

Im
Vm

VL
VL Rs
1 + MFV
Vm Rm
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 MULTIRANGE VOLTMETER

R1 R2 R3

Im
Vm
V1
V2

V3

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 VOLTMETER LOADING
ERROR
R
Voc = E

E V Rv Rv
V = E
Rv + R

Rv
%Av = 100
Rv + R
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 OHMETER
Rm
Rs

Im
E

ZEROING Im = E / (Rs+Rm)
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 OHMETER
Rm E
Rs I Ro + Rx
D=
Im E
I Rx Ro
E

1-D
Let Ro = Rm + Rs Rx = Ro
D
E
I =
Ro + Rx
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 ∞ 0
0 Ω
V
0
A

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 VOLT-OHM-AMMETER
Ω

V
Rs
A
M
Rsh

COM

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 AC DETECTOR
HALF WAVE DETECTOR

V Vdc = Vp/
Vrms = Vp/ 2

Vrms = 2.22 Vdc

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 AC DETECTOR
FULL WAVE DETECTOR

FWR V

Vrms = 1.11 Vdc

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 PEAK DETECTOR

Vp
V Vf

If A = 99%
Vf
A= e -t/RC f = 100/RC
Vp
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 SIMILAR ANGLE BRIDGE

R1 R2

R3 Rx
Cx
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 OPPOSITE ANGLE BRIDGE

R1 R2

C3 Cx

R3 Rx

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 MAXWELL BRIDGE

R1 R2
C1

Lx
R3
Cx
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 SCHERING BRIDGE

C1 R2
R1

Cx
C3
Rx

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