DESIGN OF A DEAERATOR FOR BOILER

FEED WATER TREATMENT

BY ADUSEI GEORGE SENCHIRE

SUPERVISOR : DR. MOSES Y. MENSAH

27TH APRIL,2019
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2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Problem Statement

• Introduction and Objectives

• Process Selection and Description

• Summary of Chemical Engineering Calculations

• Summary of Mechanical Design Calculations

• Conclusion
3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• To design a deaerator to strip dissolved oxygen from a condensate return stream and a

makeup water flowing at a rate of 225,000 kg/hr at 125 kPa and 120⁰C to produce water

at 120.9 kPa and105⁰C.

 4 OBJECTIVES

Main Objective

• To remove dissolved oxygen from a stream of water that flows at a rate of 225,000 kg/hr to be fed to the
boiler.

Specific Objectives

• To select the appropriate column type for the stripping process.

• To select the appropriate tray contractors

• To calculate the appropriate column diameter, height and number of trays.

• To perform both chemical and mechanical engineering calculations.

5 INTRODUCTION

• Why Deaeration?

• Operating principles:

1.The temperature solubility relationship of gases in water.

2.Henry’s Law
6 PROCESS SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION

Column Type
• Trays (Plates) Column

Contacting Device
• Sieve Trays
 7 SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS

X1
Log{ 1− 1 + 1 }
X2 S S mG
• Ntheo = , S = L (Sinnot, 2005)
log (S)

• Ntheo = Theoretical number of stages

• X1 = mole fraction of oxygen in the feed water

• X2 = mole fraction of oxygen in the deaerated water

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TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS

PARAMETER VALUE
PARAMETER VALUE
Liquid flow rate, kg/hr 225,000

Vapour Flow rate, kg/hr 2,163 Temperature, ⁰C 120

Liquid Vapour flow factor 2.4

Pressure, kPa 125
Flooding Velocity, m/s 3

Maximum Volumetric liquid flow, m3 /s 0.06 Number of Trays 14

Vapour Volumetric flow rate,m3 /s 1.14

Column Diameter, m 0.8
Residence time, s 6

Fractional Entrainment 0.009 Column Height, m 7.4

Enthalpy of Feed steam, kJ/hr 5.8 x 106

Tray Spacing, m 0.5
Enthalpy of Feed water, kJ/hr 54.6 x 106

Enthalpy of Deaerated Water, kJ/hr 113.3 x 106 Pressure Drop, 1.8 kPa
 9 SUMMARY OF MECHANICAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS
TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS
PARAMETERS VALUE PARAMETERS VALUE

Design Pressure, kPa 140 Total direct stress, kN/m2 6707.3

Design Temperature, ⁰C 130 Bending stress, kN 4730

Wall thickness, mm 14 Skirt height, m 2

Weight of Shell, kN 25 Skirt thickness, mm 17

Weight of Plate, kN 8.1 Bolt spacing, m 0.17

Weight of Insulation with fittings, kN 3.6 Number of bolts 16

Total weight of column, kN 36.7 Actual width of base ring, mm 141

Total wind Loading, N/m2 1251.8 Actual bearing pressure on foundation, 497.2
kN/m2
Total longitudinal stress, kN/m2 2000

Total Circumferential stress, kN/m2 4000 Material of construction of shell Stainless steel 304

Total dead weight stress, kN/m2 707.3 Insulation material Mineral wool
10 CONCLUSION

• Plate column was chosen and used for the design of the deaerator with sieve plates (trays)

selected as the type of contractors for the column.

• Chemical engineering design parameters deemed appropriate were calculated.

• Mechanical engineering parameters were successfully calculated.

 11 REFERENCES

• Robert E. Treybal. (1981) Mass Transfer Operations. 3rd ed.,p:679. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
Underwood ,A.J.V.,(1935) Trans.Inst.Chem.Engrs. 1st ed. p:25 (vol.1)

• Christie J. Geankoplis (1993) Transport Processes and Unit Operations, 3rd ed., p: 679. Eaglewood
Cliffs, New Jersey

• R. K. Sinnott, Coulson & Richardson’s, (2004) Chemical Engineering Design. 3rd ed.,p: 550-580, 830-
850 (vol. 6), Butterworth-Heinemann.
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