Green House Effect

Submitted to : Dr. Shakil Ahmed

Submitted by : M.Umair Khalid
MSc. Botany
4th Semester
M17-26
  Introduction
 History
 Artificial greenhouse
 Greenhouse gases
 Mechanism
Contents  Solar radiation budget
 Causes of greenhouses gases
 Consequences of green house effect
 Possible solution of greenhouse effect
 Conclusion
 References
 Greenhouse effect

Introduction
o It is a naturally occurring phenomenon that has
been warming the Earth since 4 billion years .
o Certain gases in the atmosphere are trapping
heat emitted from Earth’s surface .
o The average surface temperature of the earth
would be about -18 degrees Centigrade without
greenhouse gases.
o Anthropogenic activities are adding more GHGs
that result in the Enhanced Greenhouse effect
o It follows the Principle of Selective Absorption
that is exactly the same as what happens in
greenhouses .
 Greenhouse Effect
Artificial Greenhouse

 A greenhouse is a house , the wall and roof

are made of glass .
 It lets the sunlight to pass in during the
daylight hours
o Warm the plant and inside air ( 6-10 °C
T difference )
o doesn’t allow the penetrated heat to
reflect back.
 It gets warmer inside and stay warm at night
too.
 Due to artificial greenhouse people can grow
plants in the off season too. Figure : diagram of greenhouse
Source : Created by Kat Connors Owned
by LTK
 Radiation budget
100% Incoming solar radiation
o 25% reflected by atmosphere
o 5% reflected by earth's surface
o 70% absorbed by planet

According to above category

70% Absorbed by planet

 25% absorbed by atmosphere
 45% absorbed on the surface of the earth

45% Absorbed by surface

• 24% lost through evaporation
• 5% lost through direct heating of air
• 16% of initial radiation to be re-emitted as blackbody
radiation
Figure . The radiation budget illustrated. The numbers in parentheses represent percentages.
Fig : Mechanism of Greenhouse Effect
 Greenhouse Gases

5% Carbon
o Greenhouse gases contribute to the
warming of the Earth's atmosphere
dioxide
21% Methane
o These are (infrared radiation) IR active
gases
53% Chloroflorocar
o These are transparent to short wavelength bon
21%
but partially opaque long wavelength other F_gases
radiations.

Fig: Shares of Heat trapping gases

Fig: Pakistan's GHG emissions by source (2012)
(Source: WRI CAIT, 2015)
 Deforestation
 Ozone layer depletion
 Burning of Fossil Fuels
 Population Growth
 Electrical Appliances
 Consequences of greenhouse-effect

 Increase in Average Temperature

o Drought
o Melting of Glaciers
o Increase in Sea Level
o Change in the Rainfall Patterns

o Expansion of Disease Carriers

Drought
When the weather gets warmer,
evaporation from both land and sea
increases. This can cause drought in areas
of the world where the increased
evaporation is not compensated for by
more precipitation
Melting of glaciers

Worldwide, glaciers are shrinking rapidly

at present. Ice appears to be melting faster
than previously estimated.
 Rise in sea level

Sea level rises because of melting

ice and snow and because of the
thermal expansion of the
Areas that are just above sea level
now, may become submerged

Global sea level has risen by about 8 inches since reliable

record keeping began in 1880. It is projected to rise another
Change in Rainfall patterns

•Air moves because of pressure difference that is generated

by differential heating of layers
•The increase in average temperature affect pressure
difference and so wind direction that ultimately affect the
rainfall pattern
•The region receiving low rainfall are gradually moving
toward the track of Aridity
Expansion of disease carrier
• Many new areas become the favourable spot of many
disease and pests because of particular set condition
• Many new diseases are has been reported in that region
where it was not found at all
• For example
• Neck blast in paddy
• Wilting cotton
Solutions to increasing Greenhouse
effect
• Reduce the use of materials which produce greenhouse
gases.
• Avoid the burning of fossil fuel and household residue.
• Upgrade infrastructures.
• Afforestation.
• Using alternative sources of energy.
• Using eco-friendly materials.
• Incineration plant should be established.
• Pollution should be controlled……
 Conclusion
• Greenhouse effect is natural phenomenon without which life would not
exist on the Earth .
• Human activities are increasing GHGs in the atomsphere beyond the
natural level .
• Consequences of this enhanced greenhouse effects are extreme climatic
& seasonal changes.
• Now it is our responsibility to reduce GHGs emission via some effective
ways
Save the Earth
Reference

• www.studymafia.org
• www.pptplanet.com
• http://www.pasco.com/file_downloads/experiments/pdf-
files/glx/earth/15-Greenhouse Effect
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/greenhouseeffect.php
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/greenhouseeffect.php
• https://helpsavenature.com/what-causes-greenhouses-gases
• Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect by Arthur Glasfeld and Margret
Geselbracht