Conditional and

Biconditional statements
Conditional Statements
Conditional statements can be written in if p, then q form or in if p, q
form.
For instance, all of the following are conditional statements.
a. If we order pizza, then we can have it delivered.
b. If you go to the movie, you will not be able to meet us for dinner.
c. If n is a prime number greater than 2, then n is an odd number.

In any conditional statement represented by “If p, then q” or by “if p,

q,” the p statement is called antecedent and the q statement is called
the consequent.
Identify the Antecedent and Consequent of a
Conditional

1. If our school was this nice, I would go there more than

once a week.
2. If you don’t get in that plane, you’ll regret it.
3. If you strike me down, I shall become more powerful than
you can possibly imagine.
 solution
1. Antecedent: our school was this nice
Consequent: I would go there more than once a week
2. Antecedent: you don’t get in that plane
Consequent: you’ll regret it
3. Antecedent: you strike me down
Consequent: I shall become more powerful than you can possibly imagine
Arrow Notation

The conditional statement, “if p, then q,” can be written using

the arrow notation p → q. The narrow notation p → q is read
as “ if p, then q” or as “p implies q.”
Truth table for Conditional p → q
The conditional p → q is false if p is true and q is false. It is true in all
other cases.
p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Determine the truth value of each of the following conditional
statements.

a. If 2 is an integer, then 2 is a rational number.

b. If 3 is a negative number, then 5 > 7.
c. If 5 > 3, then 2 + 7 = 4.
Construct a Truth Table for statements
involving conditional
Construct a truth table for [ p ^ ( q ˅ ~ p) ] → ~ p.

p q [p ^ (q ˅ ~ p )] → ~p

T T T T T T F F F

T F T F F F F T F

F T F F T T T T T

F F F F F T T T T

1 6 2 5 3 7 4
Equivalent form of Conditional Statement

p→q≡~pvq
Write a Conditional in its Equivalent Disjunctive Form

a. If Cam Newton cannot play, then his team will lose.

b. If I don’t move to Georgia, I will live in Houston.
c. If the number is divisible by 2, then the number is
even.
Solution

a. Cam Newton can play or his team will lose.

b. I will move to Georgia or I will live in Houston.
c. The number is not divisible by 2 or the number is
even.
Negation of The Conditional

The Negation of p → q
~ (p → q) ≡ p ^ ~ q
Write the Negation of each conditional statement.
a. If they pay me the money, I will sign the contract.
b. If the lines are parallel, then they do not intersect.

Solution:
a. They paid me the money and I did not sign the contract.
b. The lines are parallel and they intersect.
Biconditional Statement
The statement ( p → q ) ^ ( q → p ) is called a Biconditional and is
denoted by p ↔ q, which is read as “ p if and only if q.”

Equivalent form of the Biconditional p ↔ q

p↔q ≡ [(p→q)^(q→p)]
Truth value of Biconditional p ↔ q

The Biconditional p ↔ q is true only when p and q have the same

truth value.

p q p↔q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Determine the truth value of a Biconditional
a. x + 4 = 7 if and only if x = 3.
b. x² = 36 if and only if x = 6.

Solution:
a. True
b. False