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• Very
thin
2 Types of Crust
• Continental Crust:
dry land, granite
less dense
Oceanic Crust:
ocean floor,
Basalt, thinner
than cont. crust
but more dense
Layers of the Earth
• MANTLE
– Physical Properties:
• thickest layer (2900km thick)
• 1600-4000 F
• 66% of earth’s mass
• flowing
– Composition:
• Molten rock
–Magma
Layers of the Earth
• CORE
– Physical properties:
• HOT! 4000-8000 F
• Very dense
• High pressure
• 4000 miles from surface
• 33% of Earth’s mass
• About the same size as
Mars
– Composition:
• Iron and Nickel (metals)
What have you noticed about
temperature and pressure?
• As you get deeper inside the Earth,
temperature Increases
• As you get deeper inside the Earth,
pressure Increases
Layers of the Earth
• The 3 main layers
of the Earth can be
divided further by
the way they “act”
within the Earth
and by their
different physical
properties.
Lithosphere
Crust and upper Mantle
• outermost layer –
includes crust and
upper mantle
• rigid
• divided into
pieces or
tectonic plates
• Rocks and soil
Asthenosphere
Middle Mantle
• composed of solid
flowing rock
• layer on which pieces of
lithosphere move on top
(solid rock that flows)
– Think of
it like caramel
Mesosphere
Bottom Mantle
• strong, lower
part of the
mantle
• layer between
asthenosphere
and core
The Core
Outer and Inner
• The core is divided into two parts
– Outer Core:
• Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning
– Inner Core:
• Solid iron and nickel
• Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the
Earth surrounding it.
How do we know?
• Seismic waves
produced by
earthquakes
travel at
different
speeds through
solid rock
and liquids
Layers of the Earth