The Particle

Nature of
Matter
By: Sir Wowie F. Falcatan
Matter
•Anything that
occupies space and
has mass.
• Matter is the
stuff that
makes up
universe-
everything
that takes up
space and
has mass is
matter.
•All
matter
is made
up of
atom.
•Matter is made up
of protons,
electrons, and
neutrons.
Protons
• A proton is a
subatomic
particle, symbol
(p or p+), with a
positive electric
charge.
Electrons
• Electron is a
subatomic
particle, symbol
(e- or β-), whose
electric charge
is negative.
Neutrons
• Subatomic
particle of
about the
same mass
as proton
but without
electric
charge.
•Atoms
come
together
to form a
molecule
.
• Atoms and
molecules
are held
togetherby a
form of
potential
energy called
chemical
energy.
• Unlike kinetic
energy, which
is the energy
in motion
potential
energy is the
stored energy.
• The
molecules
of matter
undergo
change
depending
on the
energy they
may
contain.
•A
substance
may
absorb
energy
through
heating.
Baguio
• Summer Capital of the
Philippines
• Locate (CAR)
• One of the major
producers of crops in
the country.
• However, in recent years
some farm and
plantations have
experienced frostbite
caused by exposure to
extreme weather.
What could have
caused such
phenomenon?
•All matter is made
up of atoms.
Phases of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Phases of Matter
• The characteristics of
the different phases of
matter are affected by
the motion of their
molecules and their
intermolecular
attractions.
•The greater the
temperature, the
greater will be the
kinetic energy,
resulting in faster
movement.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
SOLID
• It has a definite shape.
• It has definite volume.
• It has high density.
• Its molecules are tightly
packed.
•It has a
definite
shape.
•It has
definite
volume.
•It has
high
density.
•Its
molecule
s are
tightly
packed.
•Particles in solid
have very low
kinetic energy
LIQUID
• It changes its shape
depending on the shape of
its container.
• It has definite volume.
• It has high density.
• Its molecules are slightly
loose.
• It changes
its shape
depending
on the
shape of
its
container.
•It has
definite
volume
.
•It has
high
density.
•Its
molecul
es are
slightly
loose.
GAS
• It has no definite shape.
• It has no definite
volume.
• It has low density.
• Its molecules can move
freely.
•It has
no
definite
shape.
•It has no definite
volume.
•It has
low
density.
•Its molecules can
move freely.
PLASMA
•It has no definite
shape.
•It has no definite
volume.
•It has very low
density.
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

•Exact opposite of
plasma.
•It exist at extremely
low temperatures
(absolute zero).
• Isotopes of Helium
• A Bose-Einstein
Condensate is a state of
matter of dillute gas of low
densities called bosons
cooled to teperatures very
close to absolute zero
Fermionic
Condensate
•A superfluid
particles formed
by fermionic
particles at low
temperatures
Quark Gluon Plasma
• highly energized form of
matter that contains
unbound quarks and
gluons, believe to have
been present ten
millionths of a second
after the Big Bang
Degenerate Matter
•highly dense state of
fermionic matter in
which particles must
occupy high states of
kinetic energy.
Rydberg Matter
•is an exotic
phase of matter
formed by
Rydberg atoms.
Rydberg Polarons
• is an exotic state of
matter, created at low
temperatures, in which a
very large atom contains
other ordinary atoms in
the space between
nucleus and electrons.
Strange Matter
• Strange quark matter, is
quark matter containing
strange quarks. Strange
matter is hypothesized
to occur in the core
neutron stars.